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The aim of this course is to offer the political, social and cultural history of Greece and Rome in the antiquity. The period from the Minoan Civilization to the end of the Hellenistic Period will be covered in this course.

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Continuation of 2400101 which will focus on the ancient Roman history in a general framework.

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A brief introduction to the Ottoman language and the teaching of Arabic letters in the form of book-print with selected material from the historical and literary texts of the 20th century. (This course is given in Turkish)

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Teaching how to use the old Ottoman dictionaries with particular emphasis on the Arabic and Persian phrases in the Ottoman language. Drills on the selected texts varying from the 13th to the 19th centuries. (This course is given in Turkish.)

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The Mongolian Steppes and the social and economic structure of nomadic societies. The Huns, Tukius and Uigurs.

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Turkic-Moslem states in Iran and Transoxiana. Emergence of the Mongols and the legacy of Genkhis Khan`s Empire up to the period of Tamerlane.

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An introductory course for freshmen students aiming to acquaint them with historical, geographical, and philosophical concepts and terminologies frequently used in books of history, by selections from various texts. This course is designed to guide history students towards their areas of specialization in the coming years.

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Continuation of 2400113, concentrating on the readings and comprehension of historical records and treaties belonging to various centuries.

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This course aims at giving the first year students an introductory notion of different geographical notions of development of civilization in historical and thematical perspective.

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This course aims at giving the first year students an introductory knowledge of different geographical notions of development of civilization in a historical and thematical perspective. It is the continuation of History of Eastern and Western Civilizations I where a basic overview about the general world history is given to the student, covering Mesopotamia, ancient Anatolia, China, Africa, America, the Indian subcontinent and an introduction to the European cultural history. In addition to HIST 151, this course deepens the understanding of the Western civilization entering into the details of historical events from the perspective of the Renaissance, Enlightenment, 19th century Romanticism and post-modernism.

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Introduction to Ottoman paleography, the particular spellings of Ottoman words, drills on the sülüs and rik`a with material selected from Ottoman chronicles and records varying from the 14th to the 20th centuries.

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The format and contents of Ottoman records (ferman, telhis, arz, hüccet). Exercises on the calligraphy used in these documents (divani, ta`lik, kırma).

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The role of i. Political organization (Government), ii. Family organization, iii. Religious organization, iv. Educational organization v. Communication and vi. Factors of change in human history.

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The course, Byzantine History I is an introductory course to explore the establishment of the Byzantine Empire and basic foundations. The basic topics in this course are the importance of the Byzantine Empire to world history, the political and economic history of the Byzantine State, the foreign relations of the Byzantine Empire, and the civil war in the Byzantium.

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The course, Byzantine History II is the continuation of the course HIST 217 Byzantine History I, and covers the period between 324 and 1453. While HIST 217 tells the history of the establishment of the Byzantine Empire, this course is designed to examine, in detail, the Byzantine Empire from the 4th century until its collapse. The course will deal with the political history of the Byzantine Empire, and the Ottoman-Byzantine relations.

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In history, the Balkans was the cross road of various races, religions and cultures. Turks, Bulgarians, Albanians, Serbs, Croats, Greeks, Romanians and Slovens have been the main Balkan nationalities. Greece, Rome, Byzantium and the Ottomans governed the peninsula in different periods. The different conditions and characteristics of these empires and the experiences of the nationalities constituted them will be evaluated. From the late 18th century until the mid-nineteenth century, the nationalist movements and ethnic conflicts, their external dimensions and internal dynamics will also be explored.

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Continuation of 2400219.

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Medieval Europe and religions, political institutional development: A survey of Europe in the middle ages with special emphasis on Christianity and its religions, political and educational institutions (Papacy, Feudalism, Universities) from the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire to the emergence of absolute royal states.

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The course is an introductory survey of the early history of Hinduism and Buddhism. Regarding Hinduism emphasis will be put on the Rig. Vedic times and the changes that took place with the coming of Argons. The central theme of Buddhism will be scriptures and monastic celibacy. An early impact of Islamic Culture in India and South East Asia will also be part of the course.

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This course includes a survey of the civilizations in Anatolia from the appearance of human race to the Hellenistic period. Anatolian civilizations from the beginning to the conquering of Anatolia by Alexander the Great will be covered in detail in this course.

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A survey of contemporary Turkish history designed specifically for METUs exchange and visiting students. It covers the historical, political and cultural developments of modern Turkey from the late 19th century Ottoman Empire to the present. The course introduces historical and socio-political reasons for the establishment of the nation state and economic progress in Turkey and deals with issues of cultural exchange, religion, industrialisation and education.

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The course will start with a brief introduction to the reign of Mehmed II after the fall of Istanbul and continue to the end of the reign of Mehmed III. Emphasis will be put on the social and economic conditions of the reign of Selim I and Süleyman II to implement the rise.

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The course will cover the period from Ahmed I`s reign to that of Abdulhamid I. The emphasis will be put on the Celali Revolt and rise of the ayans.

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Focusing on the nomads, farmers and dervishes, the course will explore the Anatolian society before the rise of the Ottomans as an empire. Demographic, cultural as well as political and economic trends in Anatolia in the 12th to 15th centuries will be studied with readings in history, literature and arts.

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All the civilizations in Anatolia from the Paleolithic Age up to the Hellenistic Period will be covered in this course. The course will provide information about the socio-political and cultural developments of the ancient settlements of Anatolia covering the period from the appearance of human race to the conquest of Anatolia by Alexander the Great.

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Bu ders Eski Yunancaya bir giriş olarak verilmektedir. Öğrenciler ilk önce eski Yunanca gramerini öğrendikten sonra yavaş yavaş orijinal tarihi metinleri okumayı ve çevirmeyi öğrenmektedir.

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Bu ders HIST 251’in devamıdır. Daha kompleks eski Yunanca grameri verilecek ve öğrenciler daha uzun ve daha zor orijinal metinler okuyacaktır.

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This course attempts at teaching history students to read history texts in Persian alphabets and language.

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This course attempts at developing the history students’ ability to read history texts in Persian alphabets and language, and teaching them about Persian culture.

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i. Studies on critical additions of manuscripts and their transcriptions. ii. Information concerning Ottoman archives iii. Studies on newspapers and journals for the period between 1860-1928. iv. The grammar and spelling of the old Anatolian Turkish v. Historical development of Turkish written in Arabic script with particular emphasis to its last phase. vi. An overview of Hat (manuscript) art.

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Continuation of 2400305.

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Tarih öğrencilerine, tarih disiplinin yöntemsel temellerini öğretir. Bu disiplinin vazgeçilmez unsuru olan belgeleri ve olguları doğru yorumlayabilmenin ve onları gerçek bağlamlarına oturtabilmenin yollarını göstermeye dönük yöntem dersidir.

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HIST 307 dersinin devamı niteliğindedir.

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This course offers an overview of the development of the very early stages of the life of humans and human society. It draws information from a range of theories as well as actual anthropological and archaeological materials (without insisting on details of their typology). It aims to communicate the information we have about these remote periods and discuss how we arrive to any conclusions about periods for which written sources are not available to the historian.

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I. Main trends of socio-political thoughts in Turkey during the late-19th and early 20th centuries: A.İslamism: i. Radical İslamists ii. Moderate islamists B. Turkism: C. Westernism or Modernism: II. A comparative analysis of these trends of thoughts and those governing the Turkish Revolution.

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Continuation of 2400317.

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Diverse sources of Ottoman economic, financial, commercial and accounting history, reading and analyzing transliterated budgets and account books kept by state departments and institutions, survey registers and law codes, use of these archival sources in secondary literature, historical research fields and topics studied through the material, contribution and drawbacks of archival sources.

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A survey of Europe from the end of feudality in the XIVth century to the origins of the French Revolution of 1789, studying the changing patterns in social structure, institutions, politics, economics and international relations.

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The methodology of historical research and report writing will be taught. Students will work on projects concerning their self-chosen research topics.

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The primary and secondary historical sources will be taught. The students will be taken to the information centers to see the sources, and will work on projects concerning the sources.

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The course analyzes Ottoman history covering the internal and foreign developments in the Empire from the reforms of Selim III to Tanzimat era.

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Domestic and foreign developments throughout the Tanzimat era with particular emphasis on social reforms are examined through historical events and facts.

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-Classification of conventional resources (archive, museum, 1 st Hand, 2 nd Hand, etc.) and their formats
-Electronical resources and their types (converting conventional resources into digital technology and 1 st Hand e-sources)
-Recognition, processing and mutual conversion techniques of e-sources, installation and setup routines of the required software.
-Acknowledgement of e-archives in Turkey (State Archives, Grand National Assembly, National Library, etc.)and digital resources, e-library, e-books, e-articles, electronic databases
-Search for e-articles and access to texts (JSTOR, Academic Search, EBSCO, ERIC, Elsevier, Oxford, Google-academics, vs)
-Effective course search in leading engines (Google, Bing, etc)
-Access to e-dissertations, e-Theses, and processing techniques, library catalog systems, Library of Congress e-resources
-Reference and citation styles (APA, Chicago, MLA), citing methods of electronic resources including footnote, end note and bibliography
-Internet tools (http://,ftp://,telnet://) and required software protocols, access to historical texts and maps using ftp sources
-Web page techniques, launching a personal web-site and publishing

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The course analyzes the formation, development, and decline of the last great empire in human history, the British Empire, with emphasis on both political and social history of its past. The era covered by the course is between the union of crowns of Scotland and England in 1603 and the parliamentary election for Scottish Parliament and the Welsh and Ulster Assemblies in late 1990s.

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This course will intersect History, Sociology, and Political Science to describe and analyze social movements and change within the context of American history, particularly during the twentieth century. The course will examine how some Americans have chosen to modify the political, economic, and social rules that have governed their lives by organizing and acting consciously to promote or resist change. Specific movements, individuals, ideologies, and responses will be investigated, as well as the historical conditions and events which contributed to them.

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The course aims to enable the students to understand the contemporary United States (The Current Reality) by tracing the development of American Society since W.W.2 through politics, economics and culture.

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The aim of the course is to explore the historical development of the periodical press in the Ottoman Empire and the early Republican Turkey.

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The course attempts to situate the crucial role of the revolutions in Europe`s long term political transformations from sixteenth to twentieth century. Rather than analyzing revolutions as discrete cases it tries to incorporate them into a systematic account of changes in states and relations among states.

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This course will be an introduction to Latin grammar and language by the study of simple texts, translation from Latin to Turkish.

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Continuation of 2400353.

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This course provides an introduction to key Ottoman sources from the end of the eighteenth through the first quarter of the twentieth century. After covering an outline of these Ottoman sources and Ottoman ways of writing history, chronicles from each period will be studied closely.

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The course is aimed at providing the student of history-as well as any student interested in the area-with: a)the main historic events which occurred in the relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Italian States from 1453 to 1683, having a chronological consideration for the rest of Europe. b)Also in the light of the above, giving a picture of the creation of the image of the Turk, as the Ottomans were simply called by the Italians and the rest of Europe. The course studies the development and variations in the image of the Turk and that of Islam in Italy from 1453 to 1683, from the political, religious, folkloristic, military and iconographic points of view.

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This course is aimed at analyzing the developments of the Balkans during the late 19th and 20th centuries. Specifically, the peoples of the Balkans, nationalism, the emergence of Balkan national states, their minorities, their policies, minority rights, migrations and assimilations within the Balkanic states will be studied. The course will also concentrate on ethnic, linguistic and religious minorities of the peninsula and their conditions & problems.

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This course is designed to explore Ottoman labor history with a particular emphasis on the nineteenth century. The goal is to understand the working life, characteristics of the Ottoman working class, and the variations in the formation of the Ottoman working class as well as the various Ottoman labor movements. Main topics of the course will be: political formation, social composition and economic structure, workers, working class formation and working life in the Ottoman Empire.

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This course attempts teaching history students to read historical texts in Persian alphabets and language.

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The evolution of the relations of the Ottoman Empire with the “Great Powers” of the 19th Century; the “Eastern Question” and what this meant to the “Great Powers”; the “Concert of Europe” as the niveau of the “European Union”; the inclusion of the Ottoman Empire into the “European Community” in 1856 and the unacceptable demands of the Western Powers vis-á-vis the Ottoman State; the process of partition of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the 19th century.

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European social, economic and political developments and their stand towards the Ottoman Empire, crystallization of the ideas and planning for the partition of the Ottoman Empire, the First World War, the motives and reasons behind the partition of the Ottoman Empire from the European perspective.

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Continuation of 2400401.

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The course introduces the political mechanisms of the pre-Tanzimat Ottoman Empire describing the role of Ottoman officials and their manner of making political statements.

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It is a survey of production and distribution in the pre-Tanzimat Ottoman Empire in comparison with other pre-industrial social systems.

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The course examines struggle for mastery in Europe from the emergence of the French Revolution to the dawn of modern imperialism, studying the alignments and alliances among the great powers.

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Study of the age of isms, in other words a survey of struggle for mastery in the world from the late nineteenth Century to the end of World War II, also introducing the USA and Japan as contending powers.

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This course will provide a survey of political and religious movements beginning with pre-Islamic Arabia, birth of Islam, and a brief survey of other contributors to Islamic History such as Buwayhids and Seljuks. The themes of the subject will be religion, culture, social structure and language both before and after the birth of Islam. A special attention will be given the Umayyad period and the Abbasid periods.

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The Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, economic development and political changes, theories of nation, nationalism and the nation-state, the emergence of nation-states in the Middle East, the role of the military in the nation-state formation, politics of religious resurrection will be analyzed in this course. Prerequisite: Advanced level students with at least one course in history and interest in Near and Middle Eastern economy politics and international relations.

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The course aims at helping the students to develop their understanding of such questions in the Middle East in the 20th century as economic development and political changes; the development of nations, nationalism and the nation-states; the emergence of Pan-Arab nationalism; Arab socialism and Islamic fundamentalism; the role of the military in the nation-state formation; the state and the politics of religious resurrection; Arab-Israeli wars and the Arab Cold War; the Middle East and the new world order.

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This course covers the history of Russia from its first settlement by Slavic tribes to the reign of Ivan V in the late 17th century. This course will examine the cultural and political development of Russia, as well as its relations with outside powers. In particular, it will look at the development of the Russian state, the influence of Byzantium on Russia, the impact of Mongol rule, and the gradual consolidation of power under the rule of Moscow.

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Students will examine the history of Russia from the reign of Peter the Great and his reforms until the Civil War, which concluded the Russian Revolution of 1917. We will look at the great monarchs --Peter the Great, Catherine II, Paul I, Alexander I, Nicholas I, Alexander II, Alexander III and Nicholas II and the following events: The Age of Enlightenment, the Pugachev Revolt, the Decembrist Revolt, the Emancipation of the Serfs, the Bloody Sunday, World War I and Abdication.

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This course is designed to be an exclusive research course designed to train senior year students for research and writing history. The instructors of different historical epochs will expect the submission of a graduation thesis upon the completion of the course.

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Economic, commercial, monetary, demographic, military and climatic changes and developments on the global scale between 1500-1700, their economic, political, social and military consequences. Introducing different approaches, perspectives and concepts that the current historiography uses in exploring the aforementioned period. Understanding and comparing the global developments in the early modern age.

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Familiarization of the students with the cultural history of the United States from America’s discovery to the end of the nineteenth century. Definition of cultural history and explanation of the basic features of American cultural history. Similarities and differences between American culture and European culture. Native and European influence on American culture.

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Familiarization of the students with the cultural history of the United States from the twentieth century to the contemporary period. Thematic and methodological approaches about specific subfields of American cultural history. Remarkable issues in High Culture (i.e. fine arts, architecture, etc.), popular literature and amusements, philosophical and religious trends, visual and material cultures, and social rituals and subgroups in American history.

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This course will focus on major political and economic issues and deals with social and cultural developments which have been crucial in making current Turkey. It will cover the period extending from the early twentieth century until its end.

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This course covers the history of the Seljuqs of Rum from their appearance in the 10 th century to the end of the Seljuqs state in Anatolia in the early years of the 14 th century. Among the topics that will be examined are the Central Asian origins of the Seljuqs; their conversion to Sunni Islam and its historical significance; the rise of the Great Seljuqs and their westward expansion through the time of Alp Arslan; the emergence of the Seljuqs of Rum; Seljuq relations with Byzantium, the Crusaders, the Danişmendler, and the Italian maritime republics; culture and religion in Anatolia under the Seljuqs; the decline of Seljuq power under the Mongols; the cultural and religious transformation of Anatolia; and the legacy of the Seljuqs of Rum.

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The course analyzes historical developments in Islam, and its institutions in the twentieth century. The focus will be on the politicized form of Islam and Islamic organizations, the conflict and accommodation between radical Islam and the state, and the change in the Islamic political thought in the Middle East starting from the Salafiyya movement to the end of the twentieth century.

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This course will examine the history of the USSR from the conditions in late 19th and early 20th century Russia that led to the Russian Revolution through the reign of Joseph Stalin. The ideological struggles both pre -and post- revolution, as well as the founders, leading figures and significant event in the formative years of the USSR will be examined, as well as the USSR s rise to superpower status following World War II.

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This course covers the history of the USSR from the death of Stalin to the collapse of the Soviet system. It will examine the leadership, attempts at reform as and the events leading to the dissolution of the USSR.

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Being the capital city of two empires, East Roman and Ottoman, Istanbul rightly deserves the attention oriented towards it. In its history, a mixture of cultures including Jewish, Armenian, Greek and Turkish, had shaped its spatial form. This mixture had created a civilization that fascinated everyone visiting the city. This course will explore the cultural and social aspects of everyday life of Istanbul in early modern period.

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This course explores the theoretical and methodological contributions of major figures in social sciences to historical studies. In critically analyzing the works of these scholars, the focus is on how they bring theoretical concerns and historical evidence to bear upon one another, and on the different aspects of `social change`. The issues that are covered range from the processes of state formation to revolutions; from the origins of democracy and totalitarianism to the development of citizenship; from the debates on the origins of capitalism to the transformative role of wars in history.

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This course is designed to provide the students of History Department and Graduate program of Middle East Studies advanced rules of reading and analyzing historical texts in Persian language.

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This course aims to introduce students to critical issues and sources on Ottoman history from the 15th to the beginning of the 18 th century. Building upon research based on Ottoman state archives and using recent historiographical methodology on Ottoman history, the course analyses key themes, works, ideas and people on early modern Ottoman Empire.
The will be three main sections, Historiography, Themes and Sources. In the Historiography section, Ottoman histariographical tradition until 1453 and the era of Suleyman the Magnificant will be analysed in seperate lectures. The decline paradigm and the transformation of the eighteenth century will form the subject matter for another two lectures. In the Themes section, Ottoman-European interactions, the issues of legitimacy, literacy and intellectual accumulation will be studied while introducing literary and artistics genres such as sefaretnames, surnames, nasihatnames and manuscript collections. In the Sources section, Ottoman chronicles and history writers as well as European travel writing literature will be analysed. Two seperate lectures will be devoted to Ottoman primary sources such as Mühimme-Ahkam defterleri, Şeriyye Sicilleri and Tereke Defterleri.

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This course is offered jointly with the Department of Aerospace Engineering). The birth of aviation. Lighter than air vehicles (balloons). Development of powered heavier than air vehicles (airplanes). Aviation as a sporting event. Use of aircraft in armed conflicts and its impact on military thinking. Commercial aviation. Development and advance of aeronautical sciences. Space flight. Impact of aviation on other technologies. Effect of aviation on social an economical life. Humane aspects of aviation.

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Knowledge of modernization efforts of a non-western civilization; Chinese history from the establishment of the last Chinese dynasty (1644) to the death of the last Emperor Pui (1967); Chinese political, social and cultural, experiences of the last three and half century.

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1. A broad knowledge of modernization efforts of a non-western civilization.
2. Japanese history from ancient times to the post –WWII era.
3. History of Japanese islands and the basic understandings necessary to study Japanese society, politics, economics and culture.

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The study of human interactions with the wider natural world in a comparative historical perspective. Historical patterns in human societies caused by environmental changes; the effects of historical geography and anthropology on economic and political institutions; and the consequences of historical processes of various property regimes on economic, social, and environmental change.

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The course is designed to acquaint the students with different historical traditions. The students will be involved in both applied (analytical) and theoretical work. For this purpose, works from different methodological backgrounds will be chosen and studied together with the respective school of thought.

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Continuation of 2400501.

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The course analyzes Turkish and world history from the Congress of Vienna to the Treaty of Versailles. Turkey and the world before 1939 and World War II and its consequences are also examined in the course.

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This course reflects internal developments and foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire during XVII-XXth centuries. It particularly concentrates on westernization movements, foreign interventions, and reactions displayed by the conservative element of the Empire against reformations.

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The students will have to work advanced Ottoman paleography, and writing and reading Sülüs (decorative writing) and rika (normal hand writing) from selected Ottoman chronicles. The course also offers a methodical introduction to the special terminology encountered in Ottoman studies.

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Continuation of 2400507.

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Focusing on two empires, the Ottoman and Chinese, the course will explore the changing role and status of women over time. Taking cultural factors into consideration womens role will be examined within the changing patterns of state traditions of these two sedentary empires, counter examples will be drawn from Inner Asian nomadic empires as well as from the tribal peoples of the border areas.

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This course is designed to give the graduate students a general perspective on history of the Indian sub-continent in a thematical way in order to understand the profound historical dynamics shaping the minds of the contemporary policy-makers of the sub-continent. The field of the study of the course covers the present-day countries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.

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The course is designed to analyze modern Middle Eastern history and economic developments in the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. The first step in the course is to introduce various theoretical approaches to the Middle Eastern social and economic understanding. Next, the course will refer to specific histories of some of the Middle Eastern societies with reference to the socio-economic developments in the Ottoman Empire until the end of the First World War.

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The aim of the course is to have a comprehensive study of state-making and nation-building processes in the Middle East between World War I and the present. The framework of the course will be drawn by the triumviral relationship between the state, society and social transformation. Theories of nation, nationalism and the nation-state, the role of the military in the nation-state formation and the politics of religious resurrection in the Middle East will be discussed. The course will analyze political, economic and social changes in Turkey, Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Palestine as the primary areas of study.

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The aim of the course is to explore the historical development of the mass media in the Ottoman Empire, vis-à-vis the Western experience. Due emphasis will be given to main lines of socio-political thought in the Empire in the 19th century as they have appeared and been debated in the media

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Covering the time span between the years 1300-1700, the course deals with concepts, debates, controversial arguments, research questions and issues in diverse fields of Ottoman history. Ottoman economic and commercial history, change in intercontinental trade routes, military transformation, price revoluation, demographic mevements, climate change in the Ottoman lands.

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Turkish political and economic history starting from the revolution of 1908 to the end of the Second World War is an historical epoch which this course covers. The course revolves around selected topics in recent Turkish history which have relevance in shaping Turkish politics and the economy in this period. There are readings written from different viewpoints that try to explain Turkish history for the period between 1908 and 1945.

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The course revolves around selected topics in recent Turkish history which have relevance in shaping Turkish politics and the economy from 1945 to 1990. It examines readings written from different viewpoints that try to explain Turkish political, economic and social history for this period. The aim of the course is to discuss and critically evaluate these various comparing explanations that have been provided for Turkish political and economic development.

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This is a course in applied methodology. Major historical studies in a selected field of work will be discussed according to their approaches to history. The course aims to acquaint students with the complexities of that specific field of study.

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Students will familiarize themselves with the sources of their specific field of interest. Historical sources will be introduced within the historical context in which they were prepared. The sources will be introduced through examining the authors, the time period in which they were written, general worldview of that time and how these problems were reflected in the sources. Different sources within the same context will be compared.

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The basic conceptual tools and methods of economic history, Ottoman demographic history, issues in economic and commercial history, institutional structure and law systems, financial tools, environmental and climatic factors effecting economy, archival materials used in economic history.

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The course covers the phases of Ottoman modernization starting from the mid-18th Century with particular emphasis to social developments. The course includes the analysis and comparative study of historical developments in various phases of Ottoman modernization.

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Continuation of 2400531.

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The course is designed for a detailed analysis of the Ottoman social and economic structure between the 13th and the 16th centuries. The Ottoman statecraft in the classical period will be examined in terms of the production and distribution patterns of the imperial economy. Primary sources of the mentioned period will be extensively employed.

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The course is designed to present the development of nationhood in the historical setting with due attention to the change in the concept of nationality in the late nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire. The relations between the development of nationalism and the notion of nation among the non-Muslim communities, and the development of nationhood in the Turkish community of the Empire will be examined interactively.

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Continuation of 2400541.

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This course aims to analyse, at the advanced level, the emergence of nationalism and nationalist movements in the Balkans, their external and domestic roots, and establishment of national states in the peninsula during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

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The focus of the course is on current American issues within a cultural context. The course will emphasize individual writing assignments, collaborative projects, oral presentations and experiential learning about American society and culture. Students will learn to think critically and analytically, gaining awareness of the myriad of American myths and the enduring realities of American society.

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This course will be an introduction to Latin grammar and language (simple texts, translation from Latin to Turkish) The Textbook: Frederic M. Wheelock, Latin I, Introductory Course Based on Ancient Authors, Harper and Row, Publishers Inc., New York, 1963. Reference Books: Luciano Castelli, Brescia Romulus, Latin Course, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.

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Continuation of 2400553.

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This graduate level course will examine the history of the north and south Caucasus from its early history to the present. The course will cover the origins of the peoples; the conquest of the North and the south Caucasus by the Russian Empire; the incorporation of these regions into the Empire and the subsequent social, cultural, economic and political changes; the collapse of the Soviet Union and the significant problems of the post-Soviet period, resistance, developments, social conflicts and cooperation, and liberalization and democratization to the present day.

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Analysis of women in Turkey coming from different social classes, religious and ethnicities in the periods between 1800 and 1935; Status of women in private and public domains, their daily lives, participation in the economic and working lives, existence in the fine arts, press and publication, and relations among the social classes, ethnic and religious communities; Struggles of women for liberation, their participation in the national wars and political matters in Turkey.

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Armenian Question became a major problem for the Ottoman Empire and found a temporary resolution with the relocation of the Armenians during the World War I. Half a century later major issues of Turkish foreign policy. A comprehensive study of the Armenian Question requires not only analysis of its political/historical development, but also its international implications as well as legal and psychological aspects.

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This course aims at giving the student basic facts and dynamics that constructed Italian-Ottoman relations in the age of Renaissance through primary and secondary literature of political history of the time. The course includes a wide range of unpublished primary sources as well as the least literature on the matter.

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This course gives the students the basic tenets of the history of the Indian subcontinent from the perspective of political, civilizational and especially of, religious history.

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This course is designed for a detailed analysis of the Ottoman urban history in early modern era. The course will concentrate on Anatolian and Arab cities in Ottoman period. The course will focus on three interrelated issues. The first one is the state of current paradigms concerning Middle Eastern cities. The second is the nature of social and economic networks that enabled harmonious relations between various ethno-religious groups living in Ottoman cities. For this end, special attention will be given to social and economic life from a communal perspective. The third issue is the family networks that form the second tier in communal bonds. Published primary sources concerning Ottoman urban history will be extensively employed for a deeper understanding of the urban fabric. The main aim of the course will be an analysis of private and communal networks that could provide a basis for a critical re-evaluation of contemporary literature on Middle Eastern cities.

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This course will focus on the socio-political and socio-economic aspects of the history of the Late Ottoman Empire. It will take the Treaty of Berlin (1878) as a starting point in analysing and discussing the economic, political and social transformation of the Ottoman Empire. It will evaluate Abdulhamit IIs era (1876-1909) and the rule of the Committee of Union and Progress (1908-1909) in terms of the challenges and policies that led to fundamental transformation of the Ottoman Empire into the nation-state polity. It will finally deal with the Turkish National Struggle (1919-1922) in respect of highlighting the roots of the Turkish nation-state.

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This course will analyse and discuss the economic, political and social history of contemporary Turkey. It begins with the establishment of the mono-party regime during which the state and society was reshaped along with Kemalist principles. It then traces the dissolution of this regime and focuses on the multi-dimensional transformation of Turkey in the aftermath of the World War II. The course continues with the developments shaped by in-migration, industrialization, political pluralism and military interventions in between 1950-1980. It finally deals with identity crisis emerged in the circumstances shaped by the September 12, 1980 coup d’etat and accommodation to neo-liberalism.

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Political, economic, and environmental history of the commons; theory of commons; privatization and commodification of shared resources, history of enclosures; history of enclosures; tragedy of the commons; governing the commons; property and commons, land and water as commons; forest as commons; dispossession of local communities; commons in Ottoman and Turkish histor.

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The aim of this compulsory is to instruct and assist the doctoral students at the Department of History in undertaking research and writing their dissertation proposals. The `Doctoral Seminar` course will enhance the students` research and writing skills as well as helping them in presenting, discussing, evaluating, and improving their research projects.

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World history from the 16th century to the 20th with a new world outlook including longue durée; analytical and critical examination of economic, social and political developments in modern world history; in-depth analyses of historical patterns of the interactions among states, societies and historical capitalism as a context in which specific historical works can be placed; scientific, political and economic revolutions and their impact on individuals, societies, lives and cultures; imperialism and the struggle for world hegemony in the 19th and 20th centuries; 20th century world history as the historical heritage of the past five centuries.

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This seminar is designed to train Ph.D. students in reading and analyzing Ottoman sources on social and economic life. Special documents will be chosen to illustrate aspects of urban life such as the organization of urban space, guilds and markets and urban-rural networks. Students will also focus on Ottoman court registers that illustrate urban mentality.

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There are more than a million documents in the Ottoman Archives that are indispensable for a thorough study in Ottoman socio-economic history. The course will aim to familiarize students with the vast range of documents, and train them in using these documents for specific purposes and research.

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The course is designed to train Ph.D. students in the analysis of sources ranging from Anatolia to Central Asia and from medieval to modern times. Special attention will be given to the intellectual environment in which the given political culture of a certain time period came into emergence. For pre-modern periods, readings will concentrate on mirror of princes literature, early Ottoman chronicles, the universalist historical literature of the 13th-14th centuries, and on the histories of the regional empires after the 16th century. Aspects of history in the modern age will be tackled through the eyes of foreigners by means of a wide range of travel literature.

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This course is an overview of the various theoretical approaches to the study of history. The emphasis will be given to recent and novel ways of understanding, interpreting and explaining both the past and the present. Selected material, preferably essays which build their analyses on comparative historical explanations, will be used to illustrate new theoretical approaches. An assessment of the utility, i.e., strengths and/or weaknesses, of these contemporary approaches will conclude the requirements of the course.

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This course will provide the students with Latin especially for Social Sciences. The knowledge of basic Latin will be required since this course will cover readings of texts.

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Pre-Ottoman charitable institutions; waqfs as institutionalized charity; waqf and patronage archival sources for the Ottoman waqfs; defining and classifying waqfs; the waqf economy and the redistributive waqfs economy; waqfs embedded in rural and urban economy and society; waqfs and urbanization; waqf budgets, income and expenditure items; the waqf organization and management, institutional hierarchy, employment in waqfs; waqf public kitchens and food receivers; beneficiaries; control and monitoring system in waqfs; income collection methods; waqf accounting system; spending control; waqfs as a research theme in institutional history; waqfs and economic and social history.

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A history of the foundation of the Turkish Republic in the light of Kemal Atatürk`s principles. A required course for all second-year students.
(This course is given in Turkish)

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Continuation of HIST 2201.
(This course is given in Turkish)

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This course, according to regulations of the Council of Higher Education (YÖK), is a must course to all foreign students in Turkey. Therefore, it is also a must course for foreign students enrolled in METU regardless of paying their fees in Turkish Lira or US Dollar. It is designed to equip them with a general knowledge on the process of the establishment of the Turkish nation-state in 1923. It covers economic, social, political and cultural developments in Turkey between 1908 and 1938.

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This course is a must course for foreign students enrolled in METU. It is continuation of HIST 205. It will explore economic, social, political and cultural issues in Turkey between 1939 and 1980.

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