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An introduction to basic principles, concepts and theories of sociology; analysis of social structure and cultural patterns, methodology of research in social sciences. The course seeks to make sociology come alive as a vital and exciting field, to relate principles to real – world circumstances, and to attune students to the dynamic processes of our rapidly changing contemporary society (only open to the students of Faculty of Engineering).

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An introduction to basic principles, concepts and theories of sociology; the logic and method of sociological inquiry; analysis of social structure; culture; the relationship of the individual to society; social stratification; different forms of social inequalities. Taught from a comparative perspective drawing examples from Turkey and other developing and developed countries.

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An introduction to the analysis of key social institutions and key changes; organizations, state and politics, education, urbanization, population growth, social movements, and globalization. Taught from a comparative perspective drawing examples from Turkey and different parts of the world.

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An introduction to basic principles, concepts and theories of sociology; analysis of social structure, cultural processes and patterns; the relationship of the individual to society. Emphasis on case studies.

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The aim of this course is to introduce students main themes and issues in politics and issues in politics and its relations with society. The course will provide students with an introductory knowledge on politics, political ideologies, state, democracy, power, civil society, nations and nationalism, political parties, regime type, representation and elections, groups, interest groups, social movements and global governance.

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An introduction to basic principles, concepts and theories of sociology; analysis of social structure, cultural processes and patterns; the relationship of the individual to society. Emphasis on case studies.

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An introduction to the methodology of social sciences and how sociological knowledge is produced. Topics include the discussions on mainstream methodological understandings (positivism, interpretative social science and critical social science) and focus on basic research techniques terminologies and applications based on quantitative data.

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The course will make the students of sociology familiar with the methodology of social sciences and provide them with skills required for conducting a sociological research by using qualitative research techniques. The course will cover topics related to the qualitative methodology referring to research design, characteristics of qualitative research techniques( i.e. interviews, focus groups, oral history, historical comparative research), data analysis and writing up.

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Biological structure and its relationship to group life in human and non-human primates. Biologic and cultural evolution of the human species. Relationship between the human species, nature and technology, and between environment, modes of subsistence and social organization. The structure of human language

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The study of humans in different cultural contexts. Theories of culture and social structure. An examination of major human institutions (kinship, economic, political and religious) in cross-cultural perspective. Emphasis on technologically primitive societies.

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The study of human beings in different cultural contexts. Theories of culture and social structure. An examination of major human institutions (kinship, economic, political and religious) in cross-cultural perspective.

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institutions. The origins and the evolution of towns in Western Europe and in the East. Medieval, early modern industrial and post-modern cities. Major theoretical approaches in Urban Sociology. Recent urban trends and processes: suburbanization, gentrification and globalization.

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Rural social structure, changing social relations in rural societies. Peasants in market economy and development; types of peasant production; patterns of labor utilization; modernization of agriculture and state policies; peasantry in relation to world economy.

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A cross-cultural comparison of kinship systems. Basic forms of descent and their relationship to residence, marriage, family forms and kinship terminologies. The relationship of kinship and family structure to ecological conditions, technology and economic and political structures.

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Inequality, stratification and mobility in relation to social position. Types and dimensions of social inequality. Theories of social stratification. Different types of social strata; class, caste, estate, status, power elite. The underprivileged and the lower strata. Relations among social classes. Bases and mechanisms of social status, individual, group and stratum mobility.

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An introduction to the statistical methods and computer applications in social sciences. Topics include the discussions on purposes and limitations of statistics in social sciences. Probability, sampling distribution, estimation, causality, inferential statistics such as analysis of variance, correlation and regression are covered

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Advanced statistical methods and computer applications in social sciences. Topics include parametric and nonparametric statistical analysis. hypothesis testing, contingency problems and Chi-square tests, multiple regression analysis.

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Classical and contemporary sociological theories; sociological perspectives of the main figures of the discipline (Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Simmel); brief introduction to contemporary social theory; sociological insights of the key contemporary social theorists (Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze and Guattari).

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The overall aim of this course is to examine the emergence of sociological imagination. Accordingly, topics such as the Renaissance, the Reformation, rationalism and empiricism, the theory of natural law, the Enlightenment and the conservative critique of the Enlightenment will be examined. The course will also cover the contributions of the founding figures of the discipline of sociology. The works Vico, Montesquieu, S. Simon and Comte will be examined in order to understand the “invention” of sociology as the science of society.

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The principal aim of this course is to study the development of the discipline of sociology in late 1800s and early 1900s. The works of the founding fathers of the discipline, Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Simmel, and Pareto will be examined in order to display the different paths of development in the discipline. Positivism, historicism and realism will be discussed in order to understand major metatheoretical standpoints in the social sciences.

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Disasters are fundamentally sociological events. First of all, the course will try to discuss how to sociologically conceptualize what a `disaster`is? what is a `hazard`? What is a`hazard risk`? Why we cannot justify the term `natural` to explain disasters? How can we understand the root drivers behind disasters? The course will then continue with a brief analysis of different theoretical discussions and sociological perspectives for understanding disasters? The course will continue explaining how disasters may enhance the previous social inequalities before and may lead to multidimensional, contextual and intersectional vulnerabilities during and after the disasters. The course will then focus on the difference between `disaster risk management` and `disaster risk reduction` approaches. While the first one is emphasizing the period after a disaster, the later refers to preventive strategies, referring to risk perception, awareness and preparedness. The role of NGOs will be also covered in the course. Especially there will be a discussion on whether we can talk of a `recovery` or a major social change after a disaster. In the course, various major disasters experienced in the world will be presented. Among them disaster/climate change induced migration will be particularly emphasized.

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Multi-paradigmatic nature of the theories of social/society, social change and modernization will be illustrated through the following concepts and related theories: system differentiation, social and action systems; industrial, democratic and educational revolutions; world system, globalization, information age; material vs. symbolic reproduction / transformation; structuration; capital, habitus and relational structuring of fields and subfields in modern societies.

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The family as a social institution; the structure and types of family; the functions (economic, social and reproductive) of the family; changing role of the family and social change; sexual division of labor within family; domestic labor; reproduction; patriarchy; child labor; kinship.

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The sociology of economic life. Competing perspectives in the field of economic sociology. The comparative and historical study of the world-economy. Capital, capitalists, and capitalism. The changing forms of production and exchange. The international division of labor. Economic cycles and trends. Hegemonic transitions. Cities and the world-economy. Hierarchies and networks in the organization of business enterprise.

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This course aims to examine the state and its welfare activities in contemporary societies from a critical perspective. It analyses the changing functions of the state and the growth of the welfare state in the post-war capitalist world. Particular emphasis will be given to poverty and unemployment, and the activities of the state to combat these problems. Education, health, housing, social security and social services will be examined as important areas of intervention of the welfare state critical perspective.

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Religion and culture in a world-wide perspective. Different approaches to the definition of religion. Patterns of differentiation of religion in relation to society. The role of religion in the modernization process, and the effects of modernization on religion. Organizational structures and patterns of institutionalization in religion. Religion and social stratification.

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Religion and society in different parts of the world with special focus on the Middle East. Studies in comparative religion with special reference to Max Weber_s Sociology of religion.

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The course draws together the perspectives of two disciplines, politics and sociology in an attempt to understand political structures and processes. Theoretical approaches as well as historical and empirical studies are considered. Subjects of particular interest are: political culture, political socialization, participation; the origins and growth of the modern state; legitimacy, individualism, liberalism; concept of citizenship, globalization and discussions on nation-state and citizenship; welfare state.

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The purpose of this course is to teach students how to process a given set of information both mechanically and sociologically. Students will learn how to transform information into a machine-readable form, and how to use computer package programs such as SPSS, BMDP or SAS. Having acquainted themselves with these skills, students are expected to make inferences about data. To learn how to make data speak is the major objective of this course.

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This course aims to understand the development of industrial societies, different industrialization strategies and their political, social implications. It considers the historical aspects of work and work ethic, from ancient times to the present; Tylorism, Human Relations, Neo-Human Relations School, theories of production systems (Blauner and Woodward); labour processes debate; de-skilling and anti-Braverman debate; labour market segmentation; informal forms of work; women´s work; trade unions and industrial conflict; transformation of work in the post-industrial society; and post-fordism.

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An examination of mass communication theories. Discussion on the mass media of communication and their role as social institutions; content, audience and the effect of the mass media. The functions of communications media in the formation of public opinion, cultural values and social control. Analysis of examples from both early studies and current research.

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Critical discussion of different approaches to the content of mass media messages. Methods and techniques involved in the analysis of content. Assessment of classical and current exemplary research with regard to their theoretical efficacy and practical usages.

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The study of competing schools with divergent interests and perspectives; mathematical sociology, early functionalism, sociometry, philosophical sociology, sociology of knowledge, neopositivism, systematic sociology. Critical examination of a wide range of scholars and their works, Lundserg, Cooley, McIver, Gurvitch, Sorokin, Ogburn, Mannheim, Moreno. Particular emphasis is laid on early social anthropologists such as Malinowski, Radcliffe Brown and E. Pritchard.

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The growing significance of phenomenology in sociology; Husserl s philosophy and the subjectivism of Schutz. Recent conceptualizations of social conflict. Parson s and Merton s functionalism. Perspectives and methodological principles of positivism and empirical sociology (A. Gouldner).

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Power, social control and the problem of legitimation. The notion of Social Contract. Legitimation and the role of religion: theocracy, hierarchy and caesaropapism. Relations between social class and ideology in historical societies. The advent of modern society: secularization; legitimation by performance and efficiency. Lack of legitimacy and the emergence of social movements.

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The critical analysis of social movements and collective actions which can be seen as crucial in the articulation of popular demands questioning established social orders. Currently dominant perspectives in the analysis of social movements and collective actions, collective behavior; resource mobilization; political process; and new social movements. Feminist, environmental, anti-nuclear, peace movement, anti-globalization movements. A special focus is placed on contemporary racism and ethnicity in Europe.

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Basic principles of social differentiation and hierarchy. Forms of political power in simple societies: gerontocracy, big-man systems, chiefdoms. The role of war. The emergence of state societies and the political systems of pre-modern empires. Changes induced by the ascent of the principle of popular sovereignty and nationalism. Political ecology: center and periphery. Anthropological aspects of political values and behavior in contemporary societies.

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Theory and research in sociology Theoretical statements and observational statements. Assumptions and hypotheses. Fundamentals of sampling in social research. Scaling techniques. Techniques of social research: Quasi-experiments, observation (documentary, participant, etc.), interviews (formal and informal), mail questionnaires. Questionnaire design. Ethical questions in social research. Techniques of data analysis and interpretation of findings.

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´Soft´ techniques of data collection, observation, unobstructive measures, structured and unstructured interviews and depth interviewing. The aim is to teach the students the specialized skills necessary for the application of these techniques.

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This course deals basically with the relationship of wo/man to/in nature or society to/in nature. Contemporary ecological debates in social sciences are explored by firstly giving an overview of the historical roots of environmentalism and then focusing on different approaches like: sustainability and Neo-Malthusianism, risk society, eco-socialism, ecofeminism, deep ecology and land ethics, eco-anarchism and social ecology.

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Deconstruction of medicine as the basic reference of ethics in the modern/postmodern era -as manifested, popularized and also guarded mainly by the advertisements on a societal un(der) conscious level. Body perception and the role of medicine in shaping it. Metaphoric uses of illnesses. Medicalization and social control. The transition from sin to sickness. Medicine and Foucauldian ‘gaze’. Critique of postmodern conjuncture: ‘Health without body, intelligence without mind’.

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This course aims to prepare students to understand, evaluate and critically engage in contemporary global social problems and social
policies to address these problems. It builds on the conceptual framework of inequality, social policy, social rights and social citizenship with a view to examining in detail five major social policy domains reflecting contemporary inequalities, including poverty, education, health, ageing and care. The objective of the course is to enable students to apply their theoretical and conceptual sociological background to concrete social policy issues and to develop an understanding of practical policy-making
by considering: what is the problem, who are involved, what are the shortcomings of existing policies, and what are the possible ways to improve those. For this purpose, the course also has a policy-making emphasis by promoting discussions on the basis of global and/or regional policy reports and briefs on contemporary social issues and online policy resources, as well as by encouraging individual and team-work on selected policy issues and in-class exercises.

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Examines the major approaches in contemporary social and critical theory. It covers approaches such as semiology, psychoanalysis, deconstruction, feminist theory, postcolonial theory, and theorists such as Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, Jacques Derrida, Luce Irigaray, Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, Gayatri Spivak and Edward Said.

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Critical review of major theoretical approaches in urban sociology and current trends in urban theory.

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Towards an understanding of the social bases and meanings of law: passage from everyday social practices to more or less formulated rules of conduct, ethos (customs, traditions), ethics and religion as ordering social practices to nomos and hence the law. Co-existence of the self and the other in an ordered world. Self-preservation of the self via security, delegation of power, obedience and establishment of the authority as well as social control. Connection between the law and the central body politic as the ultimate ordering of the social. The process of criminalisation and punishment. The historical-social meanings of justice and their relation to ethics and statute law. Special focus on the Turkic, ottoman, and contemporary Turkish Republican contexts.

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The German and French intellectual traditions of historical sociology. German historical sociology as a reaction to French and Anglo-Saxon positivism during the last decades of the XIXth Century. Similarities in long-term historical perspectives. Case-studies from European as well as Middle Eastern history.

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The study of the measurement of the size, composition and changes in the numbers of people and the related functions of fertility, mortality and migration. Firstly, the basic sources and measures of demography (i.e.: rates and ratios of fertility, mortality, migration; population estimation/projections, life table etc.) are introduced. A special focus is given to the theories and policies of population control (i.e. fertility control – family planning and migration policies) and the role of social sciences in demographic analyses.

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History of citizenship; main contours of citizenship; liberal, communitarian and republican approaches to citizenship; transformation of political community and citizenship today; new modalities of citizenship; citizenship and state formation in Turkey and Europe.

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The Ottoman socio-economic system as a historical social formation. The evolution of inherited elements from pre-Ottoman socio-economic structures. Town and country contradiction in Ottoman society. Economic structure, state and bureaucracy, commodity production and trade, the land regime, and stratification. Ideology of statecraft in the Ottoman Empire. Evolution of Ottoman society vis-à-vis the structural changes in Europe. Social conflict in Ottoman society.

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The Structural transformation of late Ottoman society within the context of the new global economic and political order; the Western challenge and the response of the Ottoman state; new social forces within late Ottoman society; and ‘Jeune Turc’ ideology and its roots. Following this framework, the process of nation-state building in Turkey is discussed with reference to various forms of resistance movements and formal political opposition experienced between the years of 1919 and the early 1940s. The ideology of nationalism and nation building is emphasized.

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This course examines the developing countries in the world economic system in terms of their relations with developed countries and regions in history and at present, as well as the impact of underdevelopment on social, political and economic structures.

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Lacanian construction of the subject as a social product. Passage from biological creature to cultural subject as sexualized beings. Self, body and ethics. Socio-historical filters through which we perceive our bodies and bodily reality. Deconstruction of the main references (from religion to fashion; from sexuality to death) that surround, shape and control our bodies. Critique of the now prevalent discourse of the performing self.

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Classic and recent ethnographies. Ethnographic writing, problems of representing ´the Other ´, and recent experimental approaches in ethnographic presentation.

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Main discussions in philosophy of science and their reflections to the analysis in sociology. The meanings of methodology: Positivist, interpretative and critical social sciences, feminist and post-modern research. Planning and preparing qualitative and quantitative research designs, measurement and sampling. Survey research and secondary data analysis. Field research (participant observation and interview techniques), historical and comparative analysis, and life history analysis. Research examples from sociological literature. Social research and communication with others- literature review and research report writing processes. The ethics and politics of Social Research.

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This course is organized in the form of a research workshop, and the content of the course is determined by the instructor.

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This course offers students in their final year the opportunity to carry out a sociological study of their own interest. Students may pursue a course of reading on a particular topic or undertake an empirical research project.

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This course offers students in their final year the opportunity to carry out a sociological study of their own interest. Students may pursue a course of reading on a particular topic or undertake an empirical research project.

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The structural characteristics of Turkish society. Social, cultural and economic bases of Turkey’s social problems. Social problems in terms of the relations between individual and society. Transformation of social problems in time and space. Different approaches to social problems and solutions.

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Gender as a basic principle of organizing society. The social construction of gender. Biology and ideology, nature versus culture debate. Production and reproduction of social space and society. The role of sexual division of labor. Sex segregation in cross-cultural perspective.

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This course examines the Industrial Revolution and the industrialization of the world; the emergence of the factory system and the disciplining of labor; Fordist, Fascist, and Stalinist models of industrial organization; the newly industrializing countries; the Information Technology Revolution and the informalization of the world; the transformation of work and employment; the emergence of the network society; globalization, business networks, and the information ages.

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Present socio-cultural structure of Turkey as well as its process of transformation. Constitution of basic identities and their reproduction in their reciprocal (usually confrontational) relationships. An hi-story of the Ottoman Empire beginning from 16th century onwards, dissolution of it, foundation of the Republic and the developments afterwards.

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Environmental sociology is a field of inguiry that focuses on the relationship between society and the biophysical environment. This course will consider social relationships at both the global and local levels, as well as in urban and rural localities. It examines how human societies affect the environment and how human societies are shaped by the environment.

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The societal mechanisms of regulation, procreation, development and maintenance of the human factor. Reproduction of labor. Family, health, education and housing as components of the system of social reproduction. The role of the state and the family in the reproduction of labor.

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Exploration of male bias in sociological and anthropological theory and practice. Critical evolution of assumptions with respect to women s role and participation in social and economic production. Differential participation of women in national development. Analysis of femininity and sexuality in cross-cultural perspective.

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This course aims to acquaint students with the history, evolution, functions, transformation and types of museums from a sociological perspective. To this end, it will consider their political dimension and place a special focus on social history museums. Also, it intends to analyze museums as sites for cultural and ethnic identity revival, history and memory reconstruction, nation and state building. In addition, the organization and management of museums and their utilization as educational and research institutions will be studied. The trends that hint at the future of the museums will be studied as well.

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The chass introduces students to select classic and contemporary work in economic anthropology. The course covers themes such as developments and debates in the subfield of economic anthropology, gift economies and reciprocity, the role of non-capitalist societies in the making of a capitalist world-system, planned/shortage economies and post-socialist transition, Fordism and post-Fordism/neoliberalism, development, production, reproduction, and distribution in agricultural, industrial, and post-industrial contexts, consumption property, money and debt, and economic crisis-from a cross-cultural, historical comparative, ethnographic perspective.

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The course aims a detailed analysis of the development of the discipline of sociology in Turkey, from the early contributions to the field to the present state of theory and research.

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The course aims a detailed analysis of the development of the discipline of sociology in Turkey, from the early contributions to the field to the present state of theory and research.

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This course aims to explore the role played by culture in generating, maintaining and reproducing inequalities. It first explores the varying models of culture in the theories of inequality. Then, it interrogates how seemingly individual and random choices and experiences, such as our tastes, leisure time activities, friends and emotions are related to inequality. Throughout the course, the most frequently used anlysis methods and the most controversial debates on class cultures will be introduced. The last four weeks aim to utilise the overviewed concepts and debates to understand class-cultural hierarchies in Turkey. By the end of the course, the students will comprehend the relationship between culture, class and consumption, as well as their various workings in the everday life of Turkey.

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The aim of this course is to familiarize the students with the main themes and issues in conceptualizing state-society relations in modern Turkey. The main focus will be on the patterns of democratization and democratic consolidation, the role of military in Turkish politics and society, formation and development of civil society, discourses and practices of human rights, women’s problems, the role of religion in society and the impact of the EU on Turkish societal and political transformation.

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The objective of the course is to examine the European Union (EU) from a sociological perspective. The course focuses on the institutional structures, governance methods, policies and politics of the EU, as well as the processes of social change it induces in national structures and actors. European integration, European institutions and policies, social foundations of the EU, European citizenship and identity, European socio-economic model, Europeanization, European enlargement and EU-Turkey relations are approached with a view to questioning the mainstream assumptions on the EU developed by political science, international relations and comparative political economy.

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The course examines the formation and dynamics of ethnic groups in the contemporary world. It surveys major topics, theoretical definitions/debates and approaches in the field of race and ethnicity. Moreover, it also examines social and ethnic relations as part of larger social systems by emphasizing the relationship between ethnicity on the one hand and nations, state, class, minority groups, gender, power, and politics on the other.

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City Culture in the global world with an interdisciplinary world with an interdisciplinary approach: field methods and their application on different aspects of the city culture throughout different socio-economic and political periods; Ankara as the capital of Turkey and city culture in Ankara and Turkish modernization.

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A Survey of the social organization and culture of the Turkic peoples from their first appearance in historical records to the modern era. The course will emphasize the Hsiung-nu, Göktürk, Uygur and other early Turkic states, but discussions will include historical migrations, current distribution and cultural continuities.

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Patterns of deviance and crime. Theories in social deviance and crime, such as anomie, subculture, differential association and labeling approaches. Status frustration and adaptation to strain, deviance and conflict; the structure and process of deviance. Social reaction to deviant behavior and labeling outsiders. Deviance and identity, the defensive deviant act. Subculture groups. Types of crime, homicide, rape, robbery, burglary, etc.

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Organized criminal groups, white collar crimes. Functions and structure of the police; relations between the police and community. Do we need the police in a democratic society? The problem of controlling policing.

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Social, cultural and ideological dimensions of art from earliest beginnings. Work-character of the “work of art.” Art as gateway to truth. Commodification of artworks. Art now: just another sphere of commodity and information flow or a privileged field of emancipatory forces? Is art dead, given today’s social, economic and technological matrix? Artwork as simulacrum and dissimulation. Subjectivity as the constituent dimension of aesthetic experience in techno-scientific age.

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Social, cultural and ideological dimensions of art from earliest beginnings. Work-character of the “work of art.” Art as gateway to truth. Commodification of artworks. Art now: just another sphere of commodity and information flow or a privileged field of emancipatory forces? Is art dead, given today’s social, economic and technological matrix? Artwork as simulacrum and dissimulation. Subjectivity as the constituent dimension of aesthetic experience in techno-scientific age.

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This course begins with the examination of the methods of comparative historical sociology, such as parallel investigation of a theory, interpretation of contrasting events and analysis of causalities at the macro level. In the second part, well-known studies of the comparative historical sociology are discussed in light of the theoretical and methodological knowledge gained in the first part.

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A description of structural analysis of the ways in which social structures and relationships influence the products of consciousness. Historical and contemporary analysis of the relationship between social structure, on one hand, and knowledge and ideologies on the other.

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An overview of the cognitive framework and technological basis of modern scientific knowledge in historical perspective; the development of the sociology of science as a distinct area of research; science as a determinate form of knowledge; science as social relations, science as a production process; the institutional and social context of scientific activity; inner hierarchy and social stratification in science. Enframing of techno-science in the Information age.

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Overview of surveillance theories from a sociological perspective; surveillance and modernity; surveillance and postmodernity; surveillance in different social contexts; current trends in surveillance; relation of surveillance to globalization, immigration, communication and information technologies; political economy of surveillance.

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The course examines the formation and development of the modern state in the contemporary world. It surveys major topics, theoretical debates and approaches in the field of state-formation and nation-building, wich can be pieced together under the concept of nationalism. The current trends in the literature which implies a necessary link between the processes of modernization and state/nation-building are critically reviewed. In this respect, state-building both in Europe and outside of Europe will be discussed in a comparative framework.

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Examines the literature of Turkish diasporic communities in Germany in its historical, social, political and cultural context. Focuses on the literature that emerges out of the experience of being marginalized as a ‘foreigner’ or ‘guest’, experience of Turkish immigrants. Examine how a variety of concerns represented in these writings such as the question of determining what is one’s “own” culture, tensions of defining a non-German self, cultural differences, the role of language in establishing identity in an “alien” culture, the loss of mother tongue, assimilation and alienation, cultural signs of hybridity, loss of the past, longing for home in displacement.

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Ethnic origins of Middle Eastern peoples and the historical roots of Middle Eastern culture. Ecological, cultural and socio-economic diversity. The process of transformation of selected countries.

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This course will focus on the strategies by which demarcations between self and other and corollary distinctions between First World-Third World, West-East and masculine-feminine are deployed in various cultural and political discourses. The emergent and contested dimensions of modern, gendered, national and cultural identities will be examined through post-colonial theorists such as Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Homi Bhabha, Edward Said, Frantz Fanon.

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This course aims to cover the principal academic and political debates on Turkey’s social structure. Debates on the following issues are to be examined: The formation, consolidation and collapse of the Ottoman Empire; main paths in Ottoman modernisation; the foundation of the Republic; 1930s: present vs. past and inkilaps vs. traditions; the agents of the inkilap: the Turkish Hearths, the People’s Houses, and the Village Institutes; the transition to multi-party era and the true nature of Democratic Party; the 1960 Coup; Turkey as a feudal, Asiatic or capitalist society; the rise of political Islam and ethnic revival in 1990s.

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The course explores the relational and intersecting processes of appropriation of nature through human labor, the production of space and social ecologies; appropriation of the surplus created by labor by the owners of the means of production; formation of social identities such as race, ethnicity and class through a historical perspective both in colonial and post-colonial contexts across the globe.

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This course adopts a comparative approach in discussing political issues of the Third World. Key elements of the political process will be examined within the context of three main regions: Latin America, Africa and the Middle East. Special attention will be given to the different ways in which these regions were integrated into the global system.

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This course aims to acquaint students with the secularization debate. Enlightenment, secularizing effect of modernity, classical theories of secularization and recent approaches, different dimensions of secularization and Western secularisms will be critically analyzed. The development of secularism in different Western countries will be studied with a comparative perspective.

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The principal aim of this course is to acquaint students with the secularization process, the secular state in predominantly Muslim societies and also in Muslim-minority states. Experience of secularization, laicité and secular state, and the relationship between Islam and politics will be critically and comparatively examined in different countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Egypt, Iran, Israel and Turkey.

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The aim of this course is to make students familiar with concepts, issues and debates in the field of contemporary social and critical theory. It will examine key concepts such as representation, power, subjectivity, desire, signification, sexuality, the unconscious, and difference by way of examining major continental critical theories.

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The aim of this course is to make students familiar with concepts, issues and debates in the field of contemporary social and critical theory. It will examine key concepts such as representation, power, subjectivity, desire, signification, sexuality, the unconscious, and difference by way of examining major continental critical theories.

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This course aims to stimulate debate about the problem of considering ´Muslim women´ as a distinct category to study the status, image and role of women in Muslim societies. It discusses the impact of Islam in the formation of patriarchal structures, practices, and discourses of Middle Eastern societies in their cultural and historical specifities while focusing on the literature chish examines the predicaments of women in Turkish society.

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This course aims to relate recent discussions in the philosophy of science to methodological and ethical issues in social sciences. Various methodological approaches, the qualitative and quantitative methods and ethical issues in social sciences are discussed.

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This is a continuation of SOC 507. Students learn and apply research and data analysis techniques by using real social science data. Quantitative as well as qualitative research techniques are introduced and applied to various data-sets of internet. The course seeks to increase the data analytical skills of the students.

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The course aims to analyze the interplay between governmental and non-governmental actors at national and international levels in establishing international regimes to transform social inequalities particularly in the area of gender. It starts out with a discussion on the need to link paradigm (academia), policy (governance structures) and praxis (activism) in the production of socially relevant knowledge. The focus will be on international regimes, particularly those within the context of the United Nations, that promote equality and human rights for women. It will focus on both the processes of the intergovernmental bodies (Commission on the Status of Women (CSW), Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), General Assembly (GA) and the treaty body (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)) and the impact of scholarship and activism on their creation. Equality policies and human rights instruments and the institutional support mechanisms for these bodies will be analyzed. The effectiveness of the 4 World Conferences and World Conferences of the 1990s in fostering compliance with equality policies and international law will also be analyzed. Finally, the affect of these mechanisms and processes in achieving gender equality at the national level will be examined.

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Theories relating to urbanization and urban life are discussed and policies formulated to cope with urban problems are evaluated. Social stabilization has placed the question of daily practices back on the agenda. It forces us to think about individual diversity and questions of social (re)production and ´ways of life´. Thus our leading question will be to discuss structure and/vs. the positions of agents in the context of contemporary urban theories. Special attention is given to the case of Turkey.

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Goals, processes and patterns of territorial distribution of power. Administrative decentralization and political decentralization. Community power structure and decision-making at local levels. Politicization of the periphery. Local and regional autonomy in the European integration.

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This course aims to answer the following question: How does global restructuring affect the movements of people across space? Five types of interrelated categories of population movements are identified: 1. population displacements due to increased conflict and civil strife as well as natural disasters; 2. illegal forms of international migrant labor arrangements including trafficking in women; 3. reverse and return migration from north to south and urban to rural; 4. shuttle between two or more worlds with strong links in all; 5. ´rented´ temporary free-floating migrant labor. Relevant international organizations; immigration policies; gender differentials; social construction of identities, networks and communities; household survival strategies and emerging trends, constraints and prospects for population movements will be considered. While these patterns of population movements will be analyzed within a global context, students will be expected to analyze each category as it is experienced in the case of Turkey.

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This graduate level course is designed to discuss selected examples from literature with classical texts of the discipline of sociology. The main objective is to discuss literal examples, which reflect socio-cultural and political characteristics of the era and society they are produced, through a sociological perspective.

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This course will enable students to understand state and civil society relations in the post-Soviet transformation. The course aims to introduce students to the main theoretical debates concerning the causes and the nature of the political, social, and economic transformation from communism; to provide theories of transition, democratization and theoretical approaches to state-society relations while explaining varieties of post-Soviet transition. The course will particularly focus on the formation of civil society organizations (non-government organizations, unions, movements, umbrella groups), their aims and activities, their role in the process of transition and democratization and the nature of the relationship between governments and civil society organizations. The course will also explore the impact of the international element (international governmental and non-governmental organizations) on governments and NGOs and its role enable in the formations of state civil society relations.

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This course aims to focus on the modalities of mass media by which hegemonic construction of gender identities come to be realized. Film, television and texts produced through cyberspace, photography, and the graphic arts and also ´women genres´ as objects of analysis and as research tools. Retrospective inquiries on the selected topics will depend on the current research interests of students and they will design and carry out their projects.

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This course analyses the fundamental economic and social changes in Eurasia in recent decades. It focuses on the establishment and functioning of the socialist system and its later dismantling in favor of a market economy. Both of these transformation processes included not only the change of economic patterns and property rights but also affected social relations, values and ideologies. The course discusses general issues and theories of transformations as well as comparing selected case studies. Particular attention will be given to the impacts of political and macro-economic changes on local communities.

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The course will critically examine the major theoretical approaches to the study of social movements and NGOs. The emergence and development of any social protest: recruitment and mobilization, tactics and strategies, and external opposition and control. Do contemporary forms of protest strengthen civil society and democratic development around the world? The objective of the course is to critically apply the theories we discuss to contemporary protest and political activity.

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This course aims to review and re-evaluate the feminist methodological literature and the basic themes in feminist research methods with a critical perspective. This involves the historical and current discussions in women´s studies on the relations between science and philosophy; theory and methodology; research and epistemology; and objectivity and subjectivity. The course questions the purpose and sources of knowledge and the legitimized ´knower´.

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The aim of the course is to prepare students to understand the structural equation models which are widely used in the literature, and to teach them how to use them for their own research. The emphasis is on correlation specification error, measurement error, unobserved variables, multiple indicators, and the form and substance of sociological models.

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Historical sociological approach to the problem of structural transformations. History and new conceptions of time. Transformational mechanisms in non-linear social history. From hierarchical to network society. Society, state and non-governmental organizations. From civil society to resistance and project communities/identities. From defense of place to space of flows.

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The Middle East in historical and world contexts. Islam and development of secularization in Turkey and other countries in the Middle East. Social, cultural, and educational transformations in selected countries of the Middle East. Modernity, post-modernity, globalization, orientalism, fundamentalism, authenticity, identity and religion. Sociological and anthropological depictions of cultural transitions in the Middle East and Islamic world.

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The origins of modernity. Kantian and Hegelian visions of Enlightenment. Tradition and modernity; the aftermath of the Structuralist debates; different theoretical approaches to the constitution of modern ´subjectivity´. Post-modern politics and the question of democracy. The Enlightenment Project: incomplete or aborted?

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This course explores theories and central debates evolving around the issue of civil society. It focuses on the relationship between state and civil society organizations which has been central to sociological analysis and the changing role of these organizations pertaining to globalization. It particularly examines recent debates on civil society and discourses of civil society organizations in Turkey. Controversial issues that affect civil society organizations are also discussed.

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This course aims to enable students to understand and discuss the problems regarding women´s work and employment. More specifically the course addresses issues related to women´s labor force participation, paid work, gender segregation and discrimination, unemployment, domestic labor and housework, part-time work, women´s self employment and women´s owned enterprises and effects of ICT on women´s work.

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This course offers a general overview of the contemporary Iranian society and culture through a critical discussion of the anthropological and sociological works on Iran. The principle aim is to provide students with the necessary theoretical and methodological tools to explore and appreciate the diversity of individual and collective experiences in Iran from a culturally relativistic point of view. Students will be encouraged to contextualize the course material within a comparative and historical framework while also keeping in touch with current developments.

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This course explores the general problematic of sexual difference by examining several thinkers such as Irigaray, Kristeva, Le Douffe, Cixous, Butler, Cornell, and the ways in which they utilized poststructuralist theories developed by thinkers like Jacques Lacan, Deleuze, Guattari, Derrida and Foucault who have provided theoretical tools by which we can critically examine the construction of the subject, sexuality, and identity.

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The aim of this course is to scrutinize the relationship between identity, ethnicity, migration and culture; the interaction between dominant cultures and minority groups and its impact on ethnic identity formation in Eurasian studies. Case studies for this course come from groups such as the Crimean Tartars, Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks, Soviet Germans, Soviet Jews and the Russians. In addition to the western theories of ethnicity, the Soviet ethnos theory and the Soviet nationality policy are critically examined to analyze the groups specified above.

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The kinship-based structure of tribal organization and its relation to supra-tribal and non-tribal forms of organization in Central Asia and the Middle East. Concept of the segmentary lineage system and its critics; tribal structure as an organizational framework functioning simultaneously at various levels from local to societal; the historical conflict between tribe and state in the two regions.

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Formation of nation-state; capitalist penetration and incorporation; state and capital; populism; ideological conservatism; modernity, Westernization; statism; merchant bourgeoisie and political rule; state and hegemony; breakdowns of the internal order and the establishment of hegemony; ideologies and patterns of domination in internal politics; social movements; relations among and between subordinate and dominant classes.

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The classical approaches to class and patriarchy in historical and contemporary perspectives; interpretation and explanation of structured social inequality, patriarchal relations and their implications on politics and social change; women´s position and the system of economic exploitation; feminist and main-stream stances on the gender and stratification debate; feminist approaches giving emphasis on patriarchal structures.

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This course offers a general overview of the European society and culture through a critical discussion of the anthropological works on the area. The principal aim is to provide students with the necessary theoretical and methodological tools to explore and appreciate the diversity of individual and collective experiences in Europe from a culturally relativistic point of view. Moreover, the European Union and its enlargement process as reflected through the anthropological lens will be major focus of the readings and class discussions.

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This course explores a number of theories and central issues evolving around the issues of women´s oppression. It particularly focuses on patriarchy which has been central to much feminist analysis and continues to inform a great deal of feminist work.

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The course will provide an understanding of the region and its peoples over the course of the last century. So it will start with a general overview of its geography and history as well as some general patterns of traditional economy and society, including the major religions in the past and in the present. The second part will introduce the indigenous peoples in the region, i.e., those that were already living there before the area was annexed by the Russians and the Chinese respectively. In the third and fourth parts the changes that took place during the socialist times in the aftermath of the dissolution of the socialist systems will be discussed.

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The course deals with religion as an aspect of social-cultural system; recognizing religion as a system of symbols which gives meaning to the “real-world”; social and cultural dynamics of the “Sacred”; the place and role of religion in the worldly/political processes and power struggles; general assessment of theoretical approaches to the nature, origin and functions of religion. The course also aims at studying religion as a social phenomenon and focuses on the cultural bases of religious thought and behavior, comparative assessment of world religions; the ways in which religious activities are organized in a society and mobilize people in common action; comparative and critical analysis of different theoretical perspectives on religion in anthropology and sociology.

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This course explores the concept and practice of Human Development as a sociological analysis tool with emphasis on national and social development policy building. The course will examine the multifarious social and economic development debates offered by the global Human Development Reports (HDR) or UNDP, published annually since 1990. Particular emphasis will be given to analysis and discussion of Turkey´s human development performance in the context of the construction of the Human Development Index (HDI) and in the time period of 1990-2005 while comparative perspective maintained with those of selected UN member states, EU and OECD countries. Controversial human development issues will be discussed with the aim of shifting analysis towards the adoption of the Human Development perspective in policy making and development priority setting for socio-economic development and formulation of related action programmes/projects.

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This course seeks to develop a critical understanding of social policy and welfare issues in Turkey and internationally, considering the value of cross-national comparison in the analysis of social policy. In the first part, after a brief presentation of the existing arrangements and new perspectives on the welfare state in Europe, the course leads to explore whether broad international trends can be identified in the case of Turkey. Key issues of welfare and the changes in provisions after1980 will be examined. The course will also cover the relationship between welfare state and civil society. In the second part of the course students are expected to study of the following issues in relation and with reference to Turkey, (Social security/education/employment and unemployment distribution/ health/housing/family/childcare/ageing and elderly care/disability/poverty/child abuse and child poverty/social services/social assistance or other issues) that would be integral and consistent to the content of the course.

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This course focuses on patterns of collective identity, solidarity and conflict based on such ascriptive factors as descent, language, customs and belief systems and examines how communal fragmentation coexist with the emerging class formations in the Middle East. Comparative analysis will be used to identify political cleavages within as well as among communal groups in this particular region.

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Exploration of key arguments of and debates on the labor market and social rights in the global perspective; analysis of classic theories of the relationship between the state, labor market and social rights; comparative focus on organization of social policies and major policies and programs.

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The aim of this course is to introduce post-graduate students the features and practice of the qualitative research. It will particularly focus on the nature of the qualitative research, its research techniques, its design and conducting fieldwork. It will also highlight ethical aspects of qualitative research and relations in the field. This course will also enable post-graduate students to write up research papers, articles and thesis based on the qualitative data. Students will acquire in-depth knowledge about the qualitative research as well as practical skills for conducting fieldwork.

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This course examines different practices of family, marriage and kinship in Turkey by taking into consideration social class, regional and religious/ethic differences. Practices of family relations, marriage and kinship, and individuals’ perceptions and expectations of these relationships show diversity in Turkey in the last decades; the changing social norms, economic dynamics and policies related to the dynamics of family, marriage and kinship are also influential to the transformation of the family, marriage and kinship practices in Turkey over time.

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This course offers a general overview of the Middle Eastern communities and cultures through a critical discussion of the anthropological works on the area. The principal aim is to provide students with the necessary theoretical and methodological tools to explore and appreciate the diversity of individual and collective experiences in the Middle East from a culturally relativistic point of view. Students will be exposed to a wide-range of ethnographic studies based on participant observation in various parts of the Middle East.

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Studies on the sociology of everyday life and the studies on interpersonal relations in small group contexts will be brought together in this course through a critical survey and discussion of recent literature.

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The relationship between criminal law and social structure. Social order and crime. Police force, jails and courts, prejudice and stereotype definitions. Crime as a social product. Theoretical issues and methodological problems.

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A sociological perspective on the last 150 years (1850-2000) of the art of painting in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey. Emphasis on master pieces and/ or the omitted pieces of each period with regards to social, cultural, political, economic, geographical and historical conditions leading to their creation. Putting artists background, education and relations under a magnifying glass. Highlighting questions such as how and why art changes and looking for answers in relation to the history of modernization in Turkey. Revisiting Orientalism/ Occidentalism, rethinking evolution in art and the appropriation/ translation of Western art movements in Turkey.

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Feminist debates concerning the problems that pertain to the cross-cultural representation of Middle Eastern women. Studies which call into question the assumptions of a singular, unitary and homogeneous category of the Middle East women. The epistemological and theoretical aspects of Orientalist and evolutionary paradigms. The traditional geopolitics such as colonialism, modernization and nationalism.

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Principally being supplementary to SOC 650: Sociology and History, this course aims at deepening perspectives on Historical Sociology by concentrating on problems raised by different kinds of religious movements. Based on perspectives developed within comparative religion, special attention will be given to developments in the Middle East.

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Overview of theories of culture from a sociological perspective in order to gain an understanding of the impact of culture on social processes and the impact of social prosses on cultural forms.The course will also highlight the relationship of culture to concepts such as class , power, inequality, identity.The relationship of culture and economy will be explored, as well as how cultural practices are produced and reproduced within social systems.

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Overview of theories of consumption from a sociological perspective; consumption and modernity; consumption and postmodernity; consumption in different social and cultural contexts; current trends in consumption; relation of consumption to globalization, commodification, class, race, gender and identfy; political economy of consumption.

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The objective of the course is to examine the diversity of welfare state and social policy traditions in the European Union(EU)and in Turkey in view of understanding the challenges of social policy in the face of globalization,Europeanization and enlargement.The course focuses on the welfare regime typologies in Europe and the emergence ,development,dynamics and processes of EU social policy.Social policy and welfare state in Turkey will be examined in the context of EU membership,with a view to outlining the implications of EU social policy for Turkey ,as well as the implications of Turkish accession for EU social policy.

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This course aims to analyze the political, economic and cultural dimensions of globalization at an advanced level. It will focus on the formation of diasporic communities; bi-national affiliations and multiple loyalties; the role and status of the nation-state; arguments of de-nationalization; new forms of racism and counter-forces of multiculturalist claims; global cities as the most intensely polarized social spaces of the activities of globalization; cosmopolitan attachments and the different ways in which borders are crossed by migrants and tourists.

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This course aims to study the trajectory of the categories of ´ideology´ and ´discourse´ in radical social thought with a focus upon the issues of ´constitution of meaning´ and ´constitution of subject´. The topics to be discussed throughout the course are as follows: Marxism and idelogy, ideology as false consciousness (Lukacs), the question of hegemony (Gramsci), ideology as interpellation (Althusser), signification theory of linguistics (Saussure), the priority of utterence (Voloshinov), archeological and genealogical readings of texts (Foucault), the discursiveness of the social (Laclau and Mouffe), and intertextuality (poststructuralism and Derrida).

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A brief history of citizenship. Main contours of citizenship. Citizenship as membership; citizenship and political community. Citizenship as status; citizenship rights. Citizenship as participation. Liberal, communitarian and republican approaches to citizenship. Transformation of political community and citizenship today. New modalities of citizenship. Citizenship in the European Union.

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This course aims to examine the changing nature and dynamics of contemporary conflicts within the framework of shifting boundaries of global power, transnational politics and emerging international system of governance and law and order. This includes identifying the root causes of conflicts and the review of theories and conceptual frameworks required for a holistic understanding of the phenomenon. It will also familiarize the students with intervention strategies, the international normative framework for peace and justice and initiatives for conflict resolution. The course will connect theory to practice though the analysis of research and case studies from all over the world.

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This course addresses state–subject (citizen) relations in Turkey. Its primary aim is to examine the ‘evolution’ of “subjecthood” in Turkey. The idea is to compare the logic of the (Ottoman) Empire and the (Turkish) Republic in this respect. Comparison between these two logics will be conducted with a particular emphasis upon the question of legitimacy. The resemblances and the differences in the ways in which state–subject relations have been legitimized in the era of Empire and that of Republic will be studied. In studying the question of legitimacy, priority will be given to the examination of such domains as law, justice, and ideology in the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic.

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In the last decade or so, the label “cultural studies” has become one of the widely used terms. This course offers a critical exploration of the current literature in the emerging field of Cultural Studies. We will map out and trace some of the issues, concepts and subjects that have come to define the field of cultural studies and those that are mostly likely to influence where it is heading towards, such as identity, otherness, subalternity, representation, transnationalism, postmodernism, orientalism, multiculturalism, nationalism and deconstruction such as. Our aim will not be to search definitive answer to the convoluted social and cultural issues, but regard this course as a chance to grapple with the intricacies of social, cultural life and theory.

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This course introduces students to ethnographic field research by the way of methodological readings and field practice. In the first part of the course, students will be provided an overview of various field techniques used by ethnographers as well as different ways of managing, coding, and analyzing filed data. In the second part of the course, students will be asked to carry out ethnographic fieldwork and present their findings.

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In spite of the contemporary strong forces at work in the direction of globalization, formation and consolidation of nations is no less significant. Nation-building is a decisive part of modernity. As such it has a longer history in Europe than in other regions in the world. In the Middle East, for example, nation building is a process that mainly got under way during the last (20th) century. Many problems facing this part of the world today –like the current political and social instability and questioned territorial boundaries – are closely related to the process of nation-state formation. During the last couple of decades the development of radical Islam has overshadowed what is happening on the level of nations and national identity formation. The aim of this course is to study this aspect of recent Middle East developments and to do so in the light of rich theoretical literature on nations and nationalism that has appeared since the collaps of the Soviet Union.

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A thorough reading and discussion of the crucial social and theoretical issues in contemporary society. Each semester the course will focus on one of the basic questions in contemporary society like the meaning and import of modernity and postmodernity, faith, subjectivity, identity, constitution of the social, theory of history and historiography, knowledge and the knowledge of the social, value and the social constitution of value, differentiation of morality and ethics. As much as the topics overlap, the specific focus on a certain topic will also include discussions concerning other topics as well.

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The purpose of this seminar is to help Ph.D. students in writing up their proposals and conducting their research.

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The purpose of this course is to follow up the most recent topics of discussion in sociology. Concepts and theories will be critically scrutinized in terms of logical consistency, empirical validity and the general relevance of the issues.

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The course will introduce recent quantitative/qualitative techniques to students. Various techniques for data collection, fieldwork and data analysis will be introduced. Students will be encouraged to use recent research techniques in the course so as to increase their mastery of the research tools.

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A critical review of theories and debates on the transition from agrarian social structure to modern structures in the West and in the Third World. A critical evaluation of strategies of industrialization and its consequences. Industrialization, urbanization, their interrelationships and their social and cultural consequences.

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This course has two aims. First, to ensure that the students are familiar with the range of available empirical researches and studies on Turkey, and secondly, to examine critically and in detail some selected examples.

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An understanding of the dynamic relations between ideas, ideologies, norms and values; social groups and strata. Reading of classical theorists in the sociology of knowledge. The role of ideas, norms and values in the constitution of historically-determinate social formations and civilization complexes. The relationships between knowledge and everyday life.

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Current debates on selected issues in stratification and social mobility. Patterns of status and class differentiation in relation to division of labor, prestige, and esteem. Class formation and internal class divisions. Poulantzas, E. O. Wright and P. Bourdieu on class and status; class and consumption, life-style; class and gender; class and race and ethnicity migration; class and poverty; class and citizenship.

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Critical examination of the data and theories in sociology about women. Biological versus social explanation, stereotyping, sex roles in different societies, and the gender component in power relations. Neoclassical and radical approaches to labor force participation, domestic work, the household and female sexuality. Theoretical and empirical analysis of the connections between production, reproduction and the sexual division of labor.

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This course attempts a comprehensive study of Turkish society in historical perspective, based on the rigorous reading of classical and modern texts of relevance. This project is to be realized at two levels: 1. the survey of certain social structures Turks had notably those of Central Asia, Seljukid and Ottoman Anatolia, and modern Turkey; 2. issues and theoretical problems and debates of modern Turkish historiography concerning these past forms.

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This course stems from a discussion which argues that throughout history and across cultures, architectural and geographic spatial arrangements have reinforced status differences between different gender identities, and, thus aims to examine the relationship between space, place and gender from an interdisciplinary feminist perspective by focusing on the current debates in urban theory, social history, feminist geography, architecture, gender and cultural studies. Feminist postmodern critique of modernist either/or distinctions and the gendered manifestations of these distinctions in different political and cultural contexts which created exclusivist claims to places, and how these claims are both challenged and negotiated by various social agents constitute the central discussion topics of the course with special emphasis on the global sense of the place within a space-time continuum.

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Course Content

This course, which runs over two semesters aims at an in-depth study of historical sociology. Characteristic for this tradition within sociology is not only that a historical dimension is added the analysis of sociological (or social) problems, but that society is perceived of an ongoing process, which has to be evaluated in a long-term perspective. This approach, characteristic for classical sociology, was lost under the spell of the specialization on different branches within sociology, which came to dominate the discipline after the Second World War. This tradition has, however, been taken up again, both by historians and sociologists, and it is especially these 20th century carries of the classical sociological tradition that will be the focus of this course. The fundamental idea behind historical sociology is that long-term history cannot successfully be carried out without a theory about society. On the other hand, sociology with a long-term processual perspective, cannot do without proper historical scholarship. Therefore these two disciplines can only develop by learning from each other. The 20th century sociologists who has been more articulated on this issue than most others is Norbert Elias, and for that reason the first part of this double course, will concentrate on his extensive work, starting from his The Civilizing Process. In the second part of the course several other representatives of long-term processual perspectives will be analyzed, like Ferdinand Braudel, Marshall Hodgeson, Eric Hobsbawn, Charles Tilly, Michel Foucalt, Pierre Bourdieu. Special emphasis will be given according to the interests and preparations of the student.

Course Content

This course, which runs over two semesters aims at an in-depth study of historical sociology. Characteristic for this tradition within sociology is not only that a historical dimension is added the analysis of sociological (or social) problems, but that society is perceived of an ongoing process, which has to be evaluated in a long-term perspective. This approach, characteristic for classical sociology, was lost under the spell of the specialization on different branches within sociology, which came to dominate the discipline after the Second World War. This tradition has, however, been taken up again, both by historians and sociologists, and it is especially these 20th century carries of the classical sociological tradition that will be the focus of this course. The fundamental idea behind historical sociology is that long-term history cannot successfully be carried out without a theory about society. On the other hand, sociology with a long-term processual perspective cannot do without proper historical scholarship. Therefore these two disciplines can only develop by learning from each other. The 20th century sociologists who has been more articulated on this issue than most others is Norbert Elias, and for that reason the first part of this double course, will concentrate on his extensive work, starting from his The Civilizing Process. In the second part of the course several other representatives of long-term processual perspectives will be analyzed, like Ferdinand Braudel, Marshall Hodgeson, Eric Hobsbawn, Charles Tilly, Michel Foucalt, Pierre Bourdieu. Special emphasis will be given according to the interests and preparations of the student.

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Course Content