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The topics include; the origin of living organisms, their cellular basis, the chemical building blocks of the cell, biology of the cell, cell membrane and permeability, cell to cell interactions and cell signaling, structure and function of sub-cellular organelles, energy flow in cells, chemotropic and phototropic energy metabolism, mitochondria and chloroplast structure, the basis of cellular information flow, DNA structure, chromosomes and nucleus.

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Cell cycle, DNA replication and mitosis, sexual reproduction, meiosis and genetic variability, patterns of inheritance, molecular genetics, cellular mechanisms of development, cellular differentiation and specialization, molecular aspects of cancer.

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Same as BIO 111, but obligatory for the students of Molecular Biology and Genetics Program.

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Same as BIO 111, but obligatory for the students of Molecular Biology and Genetics Program.

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Principles of evolution with special emphasis on the impacts of advancements in molecular evolution, diversity of life in an evolutionary framework and fundamentals of ecology, focusing on concepts of ecosystems and problems caused by humans, will be discussed. The course has been designed for the students of Molecular Biology & Genetics Program.

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In this course general principles of Mendelian Genetics, chromosome theory of heredity, linkage and mapping, structure and function of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes, gene expression and its regulation, changes in genetic material, chromosomal aberrations and mutations are covered. Elementary principles that govern developmental, quantitative, population and evolutionary genetics are included. Fundamentals of recombinant DNA technology are also included from a biotechnological perspective. The course has been designed for the students of Molecular Biology & Genetics Program.

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The course presents prokaryotic and eukaryotic molecular genetics with a comparative and unifying approach. DNA structure and organization, replication, transcription, translation, regulation of gene expression and interactions of proteins and RNAs with DNA are discussed. Examples from bacteria, yeasts, plant and humans are covered. Advances at the molecular level in the areas of aging, gene therapy, and mitochondrial inheritance will be emphasized. Recent advances in recombinant DNA technology (such as PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism, chromosome walking and jumping) also are included. The course has been designed for the students of Molecular Biology & Genetics Program.

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A laboratory course emphasizing the principles of genetics. Experiments include the application of transmission and population genetics using Drosophila as the model organism, such as segregation and independent assortment, sex linkage, linkage analysis and gene mapping, epistatic interactions, and gene frequency changes in populations. Polytene chromosomes and allozyme electrophoresis are also done with Drosophila. Chromosomal DNA, RNA and plasmid isolation techniques, UV induced mutations, genetic manipulation by recombinant DNA techniques and PCR are covered. The course has been designed for students of Molecular Biology and Genetics Program.

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Molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis including virulence factors and secretion systems of pathogenic bacteria, biofilm formation, quorum sensing and antigenic variation, host nonspecific defenses plus immune responses related to infectious agents, the molecular approaches used to characterize pathogenic microbes and their virulence factors, human microbiome and the future challenges in vaccine development and discovering new antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action.

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Current developments in biology, nanotechnology, biotechnology and large scale DNA sequencing increased the role of protein structure prediction more important than ever. The objective of this course is to provide a background for the molecular biologist by outlining the principle concepts and limitations in 3D protein modeling. The available algorithms, programs and data banks used in modeling and protein structure prediction will be reviewed. More importantly methods to evaluate the performance of these algorithms and programs will be discussed as a new approach in modeling and structure prediction emerges almost every day.

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The course deals with the mechanistic analysis of transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes involved in the controlling gene expression in eukaryotes, including the basic mechanisms of gene activation and repression, epigenetic modifications, chromatin remodeling machines and mechanisms, regulation of transcription activation by signal transduction cascades, mechanisms regulating RNA and the role of noncoding RNAs in gene regulation. The current topics on the role of gene regulation in specific biological processes and human diseases will also be discussed.

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Accurate and timely gene expression is crucial for all aspects of life and therefore, is regulated on several layers during transcription and translation. In eukaryotes, one layer of control is observed on the chromatin level which signifies the packaging of genomic DNA around nucleosomes. Nucleosomes can be post-translationally modified to allow or prevent access of RNA Polymerase II to underlying DNA sequences. Epigenetics is modulation of gene expression without any modification of the underlying DNA sequence. In this course, students will learn how proper gene expression is achieved on chromatin level and then apply their knowledge to examples of advanced epigenetic control. In this course, students will learn how proper gene expression is achieved on chromatin level and then apply their knowledge to examples of advenced epigenetic control.In this course, students will learn how proper gene expression is achieved on chromatin level and apply their knowledge to biological processes with advanced epigenetic control (stem cell biology, development, cancer, neural disorders and immunity). Special emphasis will be given to experimental approaches in epigenetic research.

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The methodologies used in genetic engineering; the latest sequencing technologies; DNA,RNA and protein modifications and alterations;genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics and genome editing;contemporary applications of molecular biology technologies
in agriculture,medicine and evolutionary biology.

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A comprehensive course covering the major endocrine systems in animals at the cellular and molecular level. The course will stress topics that include structure and functions of endocrine glands in a traditional way and also the molecular aspects of hormone action, including hormone-receptor interactions, second messenger generation, gene regulation of hormones, and related topics.

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This is a single-term independent research project to gain practical experience in various subjects of molecular biology and genetics. The student is guided by an academic adviser. The project must consist of literature search and laboratory work ending with a formal report and presentation.

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This course brings together a variety of subjects intimately linked to modern molecular and cellular biology. It ideally suits, in content and complexity, for the fourth year students with a basic background in molecular biology. Main topics are; cell structure and function, the cytoskeleton and cell movement, structure and organization of actin filaments, microtubules, molecular medicine, the cell surface, structure of plasma membrane, transport of small molecules, extracellular matrix, cell to cell interactions, cell regulation signaling, the cell cycle, regulators of cell cycle progression, development, differentiation and programmed cell death, molecular aspects of cancer and molecular immunology. The course has been designed for the students of Molecular Biology & Genetics Program.

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The experiments have been designed to acquaint the students with the fundamental techniques of molecular biology, and with selected applications of recombinant DNA technology. The course has been designed for the students of Molecular Biology & Genetics Program.

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The students are expected to give a formal presentation over a topic of their interest. Full attendance and at least one seminar presentation is obligatory. The course has been designed for the students of Molecular Biology & Genetics Program.

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This is a course designed to familiarize the students with the current status of research institutes, industrial firms and corporations operating especially in the fields of molecular biology, genetics and biotechnology. The seminars are to be presented by invited scientists and representatives of leading institutes and industrial firms. Attendance is obligatory. The course has been designed for the students of Molecular Biology & Genetics Program.

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Genetic changes that lead to cancer; rewiring of cells in many aspects including the cell cycle, cell signaling, cell architecture, and cellular communication; hallmarks and phenotypes of cancer cells; role of immune system in cancer biology and treatment.

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Program of research leading to M.S. degree, arranged between students and a faculty member. Students register to this course in all semesters starting from the beginning of their second semester while the research program or thesis writing is in progress.

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Graduate students prepare a compilation of research articles on topic of interest in their field of study and present. Students may also include results and progresses of their own research. Presentations are followed by dicsussions among the faculty members and graduate students attending the seminars.

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Major advances made in the field in recent years and their interpretation at the molecular level are reviewed. The course material requires that the students be familiar with various techniques applicable to the study of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

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Viral, chemical and physical causes of cancer, tumor types, comparison of embryonic and neoplastic cells, cancer genes, molecular and metabolic properties of cancer cells, testing of anti tumor agents and suspected carcinogens, cancer diagnosis, methods of therapy, and prevention.

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It is a comprehensive course integrates molecular aspects of brain hormone action with biologic responses in target tissues and studies several topics in neuroendocrinology.

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Introduction to current protocols in immunology, principles of experimental design to study an immunology related problem, introduction to animal models of infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune disease, animal models of transplantation and tumor immunology. Isolation of lymphoid cells from human and murine tissues and blood, principles of flow cytometry and its applications, proliferation and cytotoxicity assays, tetramer staining methods, ELİSA, ELİSPOT and cytometric bead array and adoptive cell transfer are among the major techniques that will be covered.

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Presents up to date information on genome dynamics, protein synthesis, energetic and gene expression of the yeast Saccharomyces, as a model eukaryote. Applications of these principles in academic research and biotechnology industry are also covered.

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Recovery of transgenic plant species by gene transfer techniques. Critical assessment of past and future applications of this technology in the world and in Turkey.

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Provides connection between the biological sciences involved in the study of cellular system at the molecular level and the technological developments involved in exploiting rDNA technology and presenting the active material as a pharmaceutical product. Upstream and downstream processes, methods for analyzing and characterization of new generation drugs including their purity, stability and formulation are covered. Particular attention is placed on the method and process validation. The rules governing rDNA technology derived medicinal products in European Community, current good manufacturing process (cGMP) and current good laboratory practices (cGLP) for the product manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry are also included.

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Recent findings and new techniques in molecular biology. Oncogenes, transposons, genetic rearrangements, hybridoma technology, DNA and RNA sequencing methods and screening diseases by genetic engineering techniques.

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This course provides students with an insight into cellular and molecular complexity underlying neural activities. An attempt is made to show how this complexity emerges during the neural development.

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A close look at the microbial world: The cell at the molecular level; structure, function relationships, growth kinetics, microbial control are the topics of interest.

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Plant genetics and its application in agriculture and forestry. Genetic resources in plants and their use in plant breeding, hybridization and creating new crop varieties, and application of biotechnology in plant breeding.

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The lecture is intended to provide an integrated perspective how various signal transduction circuits sense, amplify, and integrate extracellular signals to generate responses reflected as changes in enzyme activities, gene expressions and protein properties that affect cellular proliferation, growth, motility and death. The course introduce important classes of molecules in primary axial systems, specifically hypothelamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis, that participate, and cross-talk, in signal-transduction pathways. The course also review how alterations in signaling circuits lead to pathologies and approaches to counter them. The course is critical in providing an outlook for interdisiplinary subjects that include biotechnology and biomedical engineering.

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In-depth analysis of post-translational modifications (PTMs); detailed coverage of signaling pathways involved in PTMs; examination of the effects of PTMs in cellular process; analysis of de-regulated PTM processes in disease state.

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This course aims to introduce current research methods and fundamental genetic concepts by particular human genetic traits and diseases. Main topics include simple and complex diseases, cancer genetics, cytogenetics, immunogenetics, human genome project, gene therapy and counseling.

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Program of research leading to Ph.D. degree, arranged between student and a faculty member. Students registered to this course in all semesters starting from the beginning of their fifth semester while the research program or writing of thesis is in progress.

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Students pursuingPh.D. degree prepare a compilation of research articles on topic of interest in their field of study and present. Students may also include results and progresses of their own research. Presentations are followed by discussions among the faculty members and graduate students attending the seminars.

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Students pursuingPh.D. degree prepare a compilation of research articles on topic of interest in their field of study and present. Students may also include results and progresses of their own research. Presentations are followed by discussions among the faculty members and graduate students attending the seminars, includes Ph.D. thesis defense presentation rehearsals.

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A comprehensive course aiming to provide knowledge on the molecular biology and biochemistry of inflammation. Students are expected to gain information on how various pathways and bioactive molecules such as cytokines, leukotrines and prostaglandings affect the inflammatory responses in health and disease.

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Epigenetic control of pluripotency, reprogramming and transdifferentiation; Epigenetic regulation of embryonic stem cell differentiation, adult and cancer stem cells; epigenetic mechanisms during development; regulation of gene expression on chromatin level; eukaryotic genomic DNA packaging; post-translational modification of nucleosomes.

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In depth analysis and discussion of recent genomics and transcriptomics literature. Massivel parallel sequencing technologies; methodological advantages and caveats; terminology. Comparative analysis of genomes and transcriptomics. Genome wide association studies and cancer genomics. Human and primate evolution. Ancient DNA and genomics. Metagenomics.

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Stem cells and neurobiology, Stem cell-based technologies in Neurobiology, Stem-cell derived neural cell types for basic research, Stem cell-derived neural models as drug discovery platforms, Therapeutic applications of stem cells in Neurobiology, Induced pluripotent stem cells and neurodegenerative disease modeling, CRISPR/Cas9 strategies for genome editing in neurodegenerative diease modeling,, Two-and three-dimensional neural cultures generated from stem cells.

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Genetic and molecular basis of macro- and micronutrient element functions in growth and development of plants with an emphasis on uptake, distribution and accumulation of mineral nutrients in plants; genetic and molecular interactions between different mineral nutrient metabolisms and the influence of mineral nutrients to biotic and abiotic stresses; recent developments in crop breeding and genetic engineering to develop better plant mineral nutrient resources and the role of plant mineral nutrition in crop production, sustainability, human health and disease prevention.