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An introductory survey of the main problems of philosophy.

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Sentential and quantificational logic. Symbolization and tableau method of proof. Modalities.

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A survey of basic concepts in Aristotelian, Stoic and Medieval Islamic Logic.

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Logico-philosophical analysis of knowledge and belief.

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Continuation of 2410101.

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This course aims to introduce students to the most important concepts and problems of the main branches of philosophy from a systematical-rather than a historical- point of view. It starts with the question of what philosophy is. The answer to this question lies in finding a criterion by means of which philosophy can be differentiated from science and various other human activities. The rest of the course discusses the following basic topics. Validity of arguments (logic), the nature of truth and knowledge (epistemology), the fundamental categories of being (ontology), the meaning of linguistic expressions (philosophy of language), scientific concepts and theories (philosophy of science), the distinction between morally good and bad (ethics), and, finally beauty in nature and value of artworks (aesthetics).

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A study of the major intellectual contributions to contemporary civilization. A combination of primary and secondary texts will be read. The emphasis is on the value theory, but there is substantial discussion of science (e.g., Galileo) insofar as it has influenced value theory by changing how humanity perceives itself.

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A study of the major intellectual contributions to contemporary civilization. A combination of primary and secondary texts will be read. The emphasis is on value theory, but there is substantial discussion of science (e.g., Darwin) insofar as it has influenced value theory by changing how humanity perceives itself.

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This course purports to introduce students to the views of the most important figures in the history of western philosophy. It starts with the ancient period including basically the most important ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. After a short overview of the medieval philosophy, the course continues with the modern period. This period includes continental rationalists, such as Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz on the one hand, and British empiricists like Locke, Berkeley, and Hume on the other. It ends with expounding the most basic views of Kant who is supposed to have synthesized rationalism and empiricism. The last part of the course is devoted to the contemporary period including figures from the continental Europe such as Husserl and Heidegger as well as those belonging to the analytic school such as Russell, Wittgenstein, and Quine.

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Survey of the Western philosophy from Thales to the Sophists.

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Study of Western philosophy from Socrates to Neoplatonism.

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Historical study in the development of science.

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Problems of moral conduct. Theories of ethics.

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Study of the nature of beauty, art and creativity, artistic appreciation and criticism.

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First-order logic with identity and modal logic.

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Common-sense knowledge and scientific knowledge. The growth of knowledge; rationality and progress.

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Scientific concepts, measurement, prediction, explanation, laws, theories.

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Introduction to the philosophical problems of natural science.

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Environmental ethics is a crucial as well as a controversial area of applied ethics that approaches normative issues and principles related with human intervention with the natural environment. It is crucial for the guidance of individuals, corporations, and governments in determining the principles affecting their policies, lifestyles, and actions across the entire range of environmental issues. It is controversial for the complexity of environment, conflict of interest in environment, and human centered ethical traditions, concepts and theories neglecting non-human environment. So while uncertainty and conflict of interest increase the demands on ethical principles, the basic assumptions of traditional ethics are difficult to extend to the non-human environment. Environmental ethics must also be a theoretical field of ethics to deal, for example, with the following problems. People have rights, but do other (higher) animals? Do plants even have interests? Can only individuals deserve to be subject for moral considerations or can group of individuals, such as species and ecosystem also? These and similar questions are treated by both anthropocentrists and ecocentrists.

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This course is an inquiry into the role of emotion in a rational life. As an introductory course, it requires no pre-knowledge of philosophy. It tries to explore the role that emotion plays in the acquisition of beliefs and desires, the relation between them, and their transformation into actions and policies. It studies also emotions considered as a component of life and experience and investigate whether they may themselves be subject to rational assessment. For this purpose it goes to the historical roots of the problem of emotions, e.g. what role does it play in our life? What is an emotion? These questions are important in the philosophy of mind and ethics. Philosophers have not always despised the importance of emotions. Hume, for example, claimed that reason is and ought to be, the slave of passion. Nietzsche, on the other hand, insisted that emotion and reason are not really opposite but complementary to each other. In this course, the claims of important philosophers are discussed and moral, aesthetic political implications of their view of emotion are criticized.

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This course is an introduction to the philosophy of literature. The fundamental question discussed in this course is how philosophy, ordinary life and literature are related. How can we draw boundary line between philosophy and literature? How are literary works structured? With these questions the course addresses the philosophical question about the role of art in human life. The continuity of everyday life and the coherence of artistic literature are distinct though closely related. In ancient Greece, Literature was crucial for philosophy´ s own self definition. Subsequent philosophy of literature has been denoted to overcoming Plato´s condemnatory theory. The vast majorities of theories follow Plato in treating literature as a distinct domain, separate from and subordinate to philosophy. But since Romanticism, some have argued for the essential unity of these two enterprises. The course studies the relation between life, literature and philosophy within historical context as well as in contemporary culture.

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Many of the philosophical schools of antiquity saw philosophy as the ´art of living´ rather than merely teaching abstract theory or the exegesis of texts. Philosophical practice is an attempt by philosophers to return philosophy to its ancient and practical roots. The course, therefore, is an inquiry into the role of philosophy in our daily life. For this purpose ideas of of great philosophers from Pythagoras to Postmodenism are discussed and moral, aesthetic and political implications of their views of philosophy and practice are studied and criticized.

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The place of love in human life; contemporary human condition and love; the possible reasons of the need to love, philosophical treatment of love; epistemological, ontological, ethical, aesthetic as well as psychological, social, political, cultural dimensions of love; Readings from the philosophy as well as classic texts of love.

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Logic as a formal science; inference, implication, validity and truth; syllogism.

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Study of major texts in philosophy.

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Study of major texts in philosophy.

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An introductory survey of major problems in medieval philosophy.

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Survey of post-Aristotelian and medieval philosophies. philosophy in the Renaissance; Humanism; controversy between the Platonists and the Aristotelians; scepticism, and Reformation.

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Problems of the development of science through history.

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A general survey of the development of science from Greeks to Newton.

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Application of logic to axiomatic set theory.

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Metaphilosophical analysis of philosophical problems and solutions. The methods of logical analysis and logical reconstruction.

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Study of ethical and metaethical theories.

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This course is a general introduction to the essentialism/social constructivism and realism/nominalism debates with respect to the concepts of sex and gender. Several theories on the nature of sex and gennder will be discussed from different perspectives such as Freudian, Existentialist, Feminist, and queer.

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This course is about the relations between aesthetics, ethics and political philosophy. It covers the following topics: Modern and contemporary issues in aesthetics, the standard of taste in art, beauty and nature, history and art, intuition and expression, art and the individual, ethics and aesthetics, transcendence of aesthetics, aesthetics and politics, art and the society.

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Most students start their academic life without a proper education in conducting experiments with a critical eye or constructing hypotheses. In this course, students will learn how to think via several methods. Active participation is necessary. This course is designed for undergraduates from all disciplines. No prerequisite.

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A study of Continental philosophy in the 17th and 18th centuries with special emphasis on Rationalism; Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz.

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Anglo-Saxon philosophy in the 17th and 18th centuries. Locke, Berkeley and Hume.

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The course will be concerned with the selected dialogues of Plato. After a brief introduction to Plato`s conception of Socratic 2410osophizing (in Apology, Crito, Euthyphro) we will trace the development of Plato`s ethical theory from the Socratic ethics of the Protagoras to the Platonic ethics of the Republic; and Plato`s metaphysical theory from the Meno and Phaedo to the Republic and Timaeus. Finally, some attention will be given to his theory of knowledge in the later dialogues, especially the Theaetetus, the Parmenides, and the Sophist.

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The course will be concerned with Aristotle`s most famous and influential work Metaphysics. After a brief introduction to Aristotle`s philosophy and its place in the history of ancient philosophy, we will pay particular attention to Aristotle`s conception of `first philosophy` as the most valuable and comprehensive of all sciences, the so-called `metaphysics`. We will trace how Aristotle explores the science that is devoted to the investigation of first causes, of Being as such and of the form of knowledge that deserves the title `wisdom`. Finally, we will consider Aristotle`s formulation of the fundamental metaphysical problems: the questions concerning the substance, the particular and the universal, form and matter, potentiality and actuality, and finally, the mover and the moved.

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Study of major texts in philosophy.

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Study of major texts in philosophy.

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Background information on existentialism and discussion of its key concepts. Focus on the philosophies of four thinkers in the 19th and 20th centuries; Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre and Camus.

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Studies on the relationship between rhetoric and logical reasoning.

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The course will begin with consideration of various arguments encountered in everyday life of ethical or moral issues: Is the death penalty a morally acceptable type of punishment? Is the censorship of pornography ethically justified? What are our moral obligations with respect to the environment and what is the appropriate moral foundation for those obligations?. After developing some skill in identifying ethical and moral arguments and disagreement on such issues, major ethical theories such as utilitarianism, Kantianism, egoism, etc., will be applied to these moral problems. In order to fulfill this aim, several concrete and pressing moral problems will be chosen. The student will be encouraged to write and think clearly about these problems, weighing alternative solutions and criticising those which are weak and untenable. The main focus will be to give the student the skill necessary to identify a moral problem and to introduce her to critical thinking over moral issues.

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A close philosophical analysis of Karl Marxs writings; Marxs critique of capitalism as a system of exploitation and alienation; the development of Marxs ideas in light of his relation to Hegel and the Young Hegelians; Marxs views on human nature, communism and the labor theory of value.

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Observation and experimentation. Induction, deduction and the hypothetico-deductive method. Scientific hypotheses, laws and theories.

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Continuation of 2410301.

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Historical and epistemological evaluation of some rationality theories, e.g., Popper`s Falsificationism, Kuhn`s Scientific Revolutions, Feyerabend`s Liberalism, Lakatos`s MSRP and Structural Realism.

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Developing a historical-cum-methodological approach towards philosophical foundations of physics.

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History of the discovery of non-Euclidean geometries; historical and methodological problems of geometrical progress.

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Development of biology from the 12th century until the 19th century.

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Development of physics from the 13th century until the 17th century.

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The nature of logic and mathematics. Necessary truths and existence in logic and mathematics. Logicism, intuitionism, and formalism.

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Problems in the philosophy of social science and in political philosophy.

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Ordinary language and formal languages. Syntax, semantics, pragmatics. Extension and intension. Naming and predication. Theory of reference and theory of meaning.

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Study of the mind-body problem and the problems of free will and determinism. Survey of the main theories of mind and human action.

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Continuation of 2410407.

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This course examines the philosophies of the three leading thinkers of the 17th century: Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz. The emphasis is on the central theses associated with rationalism: (i) that at least some of our concepts are not gained from experience but are innate; and (ii) that reason alone can provide us with knowledge of the external world through `intuition` of self-evident propositions and through `deduction` from those propositions. Selections from the most important works of these philosopherswill be read. Epistemological, metaphysical, ontological, and ethical issues of the Continental Rationalism will be investigated with reference to these central theses. Relations between Continental Rationalism and British Empiricism will be brought into view.

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This course concentrates on the philosophies of three leading thinkers of the 17th and 18th centuries: Locke, Berkeley and Hume. The emphasis is on the central thesis of empiricism that `all knowledge is ultimately based on experience`. Selections from the most important works of these philosopherswill be read. Epistemological, metaphysical, ontological and ethical issues of British Empiricism will be investigated with reference to central thesis. Relations between Continental Rationalism and British Empiricism will be brought into view.

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There has been a great deal of speculation recently on how the evolution of language may explain the dramatic cognitive changes which occurred during the Upper Paleolithic resulting in the emergence of religion, art, long-distance trade, elaborate burial rituals, and complex social structures. Philosophy of language and philosophy of cognition are relevant to understanding the evolution of language and hence to understanding these cognitive changes. The course explores some of these connections.

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Plato on the polis; Nietzsche`s overcoming of Platonistic perspectives; Heidegger`s thinking about art; Merleau-Ponty`s phenomenology of art.

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An introductory course to the main themes in analytic metaphysics such as causation, freedom and determinism, laws of nature, mental states, and time.

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This course will be concerned with Immanuel Kant`s most famous and influential work Critique of Pure Reason. After a brief introduction to Kant`s philosophy and its relation to empiricist and rationalist philosophies, we will pay particular attention to Kant`s conception of `critique`. We will trace how Kant explores the possibility of a priori knowledge and of transcendental subjectivity. Finally, we will discuss the problem of the unity of reason, i.e., the unity of reason in its theoretical and practical employment. In this respect, we will bring the first Critique into dialogue with the second Critique.

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This course will be concerned with G.W.F. Hegel`s most famous and influential work Phenomenology of Spirit. After a brief introduction to Hegel`s philosophy and its relation to Kantian philosophy, we will pay particular attention to Hegel`s conception of `phenomenological method`. We will trace how Hegel explores the development of consciousness from its most ordinary form as `spirit`. Finally, we will bring Hegel`s thought into dialogue with contemporary continental philosophies.

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Kant’s analysis of the principles underlying morality leads him to the statement of the categorical imperative, an idea that has been tremendously influential in the history of moral philosophy, yet also widely misunderstood. In this course we will first of all study the various formulations of the categorical imperative in Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. But in order to be able to assess the status of Kant’s moral philosophy in the history of philosophy, we will also look at a number of influential figures who – in their different ways – can be seen to have gone beyond Kant in their understanding of the role, status and functioning of morality.

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A philosophical analysis of and exploration into ‘the workplace’. Discussion of some of the main social and ethical problems arising in the workplace, such as corporate responsibility, regulation of business, and employer/employee relations will be preceded by a more philosophical grounding in the concept of work, social and economic justice, and analysis of production.

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Whilst not uncontroversial,Enlıghtenment thinking has proved a major influence on all subsequent Western thought,whether it saw itself as a continuation of or a reaction to it. The Enlightenment spanned many different countries and thinkers, from the works of Hume to the philosophes, Wollstonecraft and Kant.The twentieth century has seen renewed engagement with Enlightenment ideals, for instance in the work of Adorno but also in that of Foucault and many feminist thinkers. In this course, both eighteenth and twentieth-century perspectives on the Enlightenment will be examined.

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The Kantian influence. Positivism, naturalism, pragmatism, neo-positivism.

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Phenomenological analysis and the existential perspective. Analytic philosophy. Hermeneutic philosophy.

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A survey of Anglo-Saxon and Continentalphilosophies of the 19th Century.

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This course is a general introduction to the main debates and schools of thought in the literature of contemporary political philosophy. It mainly focuses on contemporary liberal theory, communitarianism , libertarianism, feminism, critical race theory, and multiculturalism.

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A survey of the main problems of metaphysics.

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A study of the philosophical perspectives on vitality and demise of human beings. Conceptual and critical investigation of the meaning and significance of life and death. Ancient and Modern views on the meaning of being alive; historical accounts of the distinguishing characteristics of human life and consciousness; the meaning of life; ethical issues about abortion; conceptual analysis of dying and death; existential and phenomenological approaches to death; philosophy, literature and death; contemporary culture and the phenomenon of death.

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A study of American Pragmatism and its influence on contemporary cultural/intellectual life. Study of the founders of the pragmatist movement such as Charles S. Peirce, William James and John Dewey, the pragmatist critigue of the epistemological and ontological traditions, pragmatism s reaction to intellectual tendencies in philosophy, possible precursors of pragmatists in the 19th century (such as F. Nietzsche), pragmatists views on knowledge, scientific endeavor, morality, social progress, education, and democracy, more recent representatives of pragmatism such as Richard Rorty, the connection between pragmatism and liberalism and totalitarianism, traditional and contemporary reactions to pragmatism, the controversy about pragmatism s position in the philosophical debate between realism and anti-realism.

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Interactions between philosophy, economics and economy in history from Ancient Greece to the Industrial Revolution. The philosophical antecedents of economics as reflected in the works of Plato, Aristotle, Xenophon, Ibn Khaldun, and certain Roman and Chinese thinkers. Emergence of `political economy` in the 18th century as distinct science. The views of Mandeville, Smith and J.S. Mill. Hegel`s observations on `political economy` and Marx`s critique.

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Interactions between philosophy, economics and the economy over the course of the 20th century. How Western economics ideas reached the Ottoman Empire and the disparities between the Ottoman `mindset and the European.` The emergence of the neoclassical economics with two `branches` as micro and macroeconomics. The ideas of Marshall and Keynes. Anti-Keynesian economics in the late 20th century. The main problems facing humanity in the 21th century such as climate change, population ageing, low growth, income inequality, hyper-globalization, automation and unemployment, financialization and the financial crisis of 2007-2008, which led to the `revival` of political economy.

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Familiarizing philosophy students with the information technologies, basic computer skills and
computer applications. Preparing students in using these skills during their undergraduate studies as well as in their professional lives. Philosophical discussion of the ethical problems introduced by internet & computer and discussion of secure use of information technologies.

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This introductory course consists of two main parts: 1) Philosophy of technology and its historical background and 2) ethical aspects of technology and technological developments. This course will address main issues in both the philosophy of technology and technoethics/cyberethics aiming to familiarize students with philosophical and ethical debates surrounding technology. It aims to encourage students to think critically about multidimensional impacts of modern technological developments on various aspects of everyday life; to explore how technologies shape human life, society and environment by analyzing a number of noteworthy essays written by philosophers and influential researchers in this field, such as Heidegger, Marcuse, Foucault, Ellul, Feenberg, and Floridi. It also aims to stimulate students to develop the ability to identify, analyze and critically examine moral issues, new ethical problems and challenges raised by developments in modern technologies, especially developments in communication and information technologies, and develop the capacity to argue for a chosen position in discussions. Further, legal implications of advances in communication and information technologies in Turkey will be studied briefly.

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An advanced paper-writing workshop aiming to teach students methods and techniques of research and publication in philosophy.

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This course is designed to prepare graduate students for advanced studies and research in philosophy, with particular emphasis on research ethics, academic writing skills, creation of meaningful topics, and participation in the research community.

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A seminar to be given by each Master's degree candidate related to her/his thesis topic.

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The hypothetico-deductive, Bayesian, and bootstrapping models of theory confirmation. Importance of idealizations and approximations for confirmation in science. The problem of old evidence.

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Modal and intentional logics. Tense Logic, Epistemic Logic, Deontic Logic.

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Study of selected topics is epistemology.

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Examination of major philosophical texts in history and social sciences.

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A continuation of 2410511.

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A continuation of 2410512.

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A continuation of 2410513.

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Technology assessment, technoaxiology, responsibility of increased technological power, historical, epistemological and metaphysical problems regarding technology, information and computers, the problems of philosophy of technology as a recently emerged philosophical discipline.

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A continuation of 2410515.

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The course aims at: 1) Improving the student's understanding of the problems of communication stemming from the relationship between language, truth, rationality and intentionality of human action; 2) to increase his knowledge of the theory and use of argumentative discourse in philosophical and practical problems. To this end, this course will proportionally focus on traditional (ancient, medieval, modern) and contemporary approaches to philosophy of communication and their solutions to various communication problems.

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A continuation of 2410517.

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This course provides a survey into the western philosophical treatments of the body in different historical periods. Beginning with Ancient Greek philosophy, we trace how the body is understood in relation to thought, psuche, desire, and knowledge, the subjugation of the body and its separation from the soul in Medieval thought, the mechanistic and vitalistic accounts of the body in 17th century, the phenomenology and genealogy of the body as gendered and racialized, and the status of the body in the age of posthumanism.

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Studies in change of scientific theories in historical perspective.

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Discussion of various problems in contemporary philosophy of science. Critical assessment of recent philosophical views on these issues.

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Continuous and discrete variables. Intensive and extensive qualities. Scales of measurement. The logic of evaluation.

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This course is a general introduction to the philosophy of Michel Foucault. The aim of the course is to be familiarized with the different phases of Foucaults philosophy, namely the archaeological phase of the 1960s, the genealogical phase of the 1970s, and the ethical phase of the 1980s. Accordingly, Foucaults understanding of Episteme (1960s), Power (1970s), and Technologies of the Self (1980s) will be analyzed in class meetings.

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The Logical Empiricist philosophy of science. The origins of Logical Empiricism. Confirmation. Theoretical terms. Explanation. Falsification. The new image of science. Perception and theory. Presuppositions in science. Scientific revolutions. Context of discovery and context of justification. Some basic epistemological and metaphysical problems in science. Rationality. Scientific knowledge and scientific truth.

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This course offers a critical examination of some of the modern philosophies that either denies human nature (for instance, the blank-slate view of modern empiricism and their twentieth century versions) or accounts of human nature in terms of immaterial/transcendent soul with certain intellectual and moral imprints from a naturalistic perspective that proposes naturalistic theories of human nature. The course starts with a survey of the above-mentioned non-naturalistic theories and naturalism in philosophy and then continues with a critical defense of contemporary naturalistic theories of human nature based on advances in biology and cognitive sciences. In relation to the human nature problem several other issues are also examined, such as ethics, politics, gender, violence, education, arts.

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This course offers a survey and critical examination of basic issues in the philosophy of biology: a brief history of biology and the philosophy of biology; the nature of evolutionary theory, with special reference to the status of natural selection; the rise of genetics; the scientific status of evolutionary theory; biological teleology; the implications of biology for human kind; the problem of reduction; the significance of Human Genome Project; challenges to the adaptationist programme; ethical and social issues, including the status of neo-Creationism(Intelligent Design).

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A study of extant by the Hellenistic philosophers. Topics of special interest are the problem of criteria of truth and questions concerning ethics. The texts from which selections will be read are: Epicurus’ letters, Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura, Sextus Empiricus’ Outlines of Pyrrhonism and Diogenes Laertius’ Lives of Eminent Philosophers.

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This course is designed to conduct further research into the philosophy of Aristotle, so as to do an advanced study of the main ethical text of Aristotle, the Nicomachean Ethics.

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This course is designed to conduct further research into the philosophy of Plato, so as to do an advanced study of the main ethical text of Plato, the Republic.

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Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty; introduction to their major concepts, methods and texts; how to practice phenomenological seeing; twentieth century developments following on from phenomenology.

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Introduction to some of the major concepts, methods and texts of Heidegger; his early phenomenological work; his late thought on technology, language, poetry; later developments- in deconstruction, architecture, cognitive science - following on from his philosophy.

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Nietzsche; introduction to his major concepts, methods and some of his most important texts; how to read Nietzsche effectively; Nietzsche’s Kantian heritage; Nietzsche and post-modernism; critiques of the subject after Nietzsche

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Truth and art; phenomenology; the role of the work of art in phenomenology; key reflections on art by Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, and Nancy; discussions of specific artworks; the status of different artistic genres.

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Kant`s Critique of the Power Judgemenet; Judgements on the beautiful and on the sublime; the role of genius in the production of art;art and morality;the completion of the critical project; purposiveness without purpose; regulative judgements about nature;biology vs. physics.

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Conceptions of and responses to the provocation of technology in twentieth-century Continental thought; human beings and technology - mutual effects; the changing self-understanding of human being amidst modern technology; influential understandings of twentieth-century technology in the work of Heidegger, Canguilhem, Deleuze and Guattari, and De Landa.

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Introduction to the modern notion of subjectivity and its critiques; study of some of the key texts in this area, both primary and secondary; consideration of the implications of subjectivity`s crisis for contemporary continental philosophy.

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Studies in the formalization of a particular philosophical system or problem.

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Immanent issues in Islamic philosophy with solutions by important philosophers such as Al Farabi, Ibn Sina, Ghazzali, Sadra and Ibn Arabi.

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The concepts of identity and difference from antiquity to the present; different conceptions of their relation; the question of their respective ontological priority; how identity has been conceived by thinkers from Plato to Kant; what is meant by the philosophy of difference.

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A continuation of 2410540.

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Selected readings from the works of immanentist Turkish and Islamic philosophers such as Farabi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, Mevlana, Sadr ald-Din, al Quarawi and Kemal Pashazade.

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How can we understand language in general? What is distinctive about the language of literature? Some major statements on language and literature in twentieth-century thought; the central role of Kafka for that thought; thought expressed in philosophy and in literature; the influential concept of a `minor` literature; philisophical writers, e.g. Rilke, Beckett.

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The so-called `question of the animal` in contemporary continental philosophy and contemporary political philosophy; the relation of human and non-human animals; human` relation to the natural world; animality and subjectivity; 21 st- century philosophical problems.

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Intensive study of the work of a major philosopher with a view to delineating the significance for the whole body of philosophical knowledge.

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Proof theory and model theory of formal systems. Recursion theory.

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A continuation of 2410551.

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The nature and methods of science. Scientific laws and lawlike statements. The principle o causality. Logical analysis of scientific explanation. Kinds of explanation. Critical appraisal of current views on scientific explanation. Explanation and prediction.

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Concept formation: Definition in science, classificatory, comparative and quantitative concepts. Observation language, theoretical language, and correspondence rules. The problem of theoretical terms. The nature of scientific theories and models.

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The forerunners and the founders of the Analytic Tradition. The Logical Empiricists. The ordinary-language and the formal-language philosophy. Definition of analytic philosophy; philosophy and science; philosophical analysis of metaphysical knowledge claims; the empiricist criterion of meaning.

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A continuation of 2410550.

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A critical investigation of historical and contemporary philosophical views on death. The Epicurean approach to death; harm due to death; analysis of interrelated concepts such as dying, death and being dead; desirability of human immortality; existential and phenomenological approaches to death; the role of the concept of death in Heidegger’s philosophy; death and literature; death and contemporary culture.

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A study of the philosophical issues of the theories of “social contract”. The main topic of discussions is the concept of “agreement” (contract, compact and covenant) as one of the principal explanatory tools for political theory and ethics. The texts from which selections will be read are the writings of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant and John Rawls.

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An investigation of the original defenders and more recent variations of pragmatism. Views of Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, John Dewey, George Herbert Mead and Ferdinand C. S. Schiller, more recent analytical perspectives of C. I. Lewis, W. V. O. Quine, Donald Davidson, Hilary Putnam, and Richard Roty, ideas of boradly pragmatist or pragmatically inclined philosophers such as Richard J. Bernstein, Wilfrid Sellars, Karl-Otto Apel and Jürgen Habermas.

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Philosophy of economics focusing on key concepts such as rationality, causality, ethics, distribution, models, measurement, econometrics, experiments, welfare and behavioural economics as practiced by philosophers. Philosophical reflections of economists such as Amartya Sen, Dani Rodrik, John Hicks, Albert O. Hirschman. Arguments of philosophers and economists at the turn of the 21st century regarding the significance interdisciplinary studies of philosophy, economics and other social sciences for new conceptions of development and justice.

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Philosophical perspectives on economics; interrelations between economics and metaphysics, epistemology, logic, ethics, and aesthetics, critiques directed against orthodox economics by heterodox economists, philosophers of science and philosopherss, analysis of these critiques from a philosophical perpsective; main challenges facing philosophical perspectives on economics in the 21st century; how philosophers and economicsts react to these challgenges and the possibility of convergence.

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Covering some key issues in contemporary discussions around decoloniality and focusing on works of philosophy from the Carribean, Latin American, and African diaspora. Examining the operations of the coloniality of power and knowledge in the context of globalization and seeking epistemological decolonization.

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This course focuses on contemporary issues around the critical philosophy of race. Topics include phenomenology of race, freedom, security, and nationalism, colonialism, coloniality of power, and pseudo-sciences of the races, racialism in the history of philosophy, whiteness studies, intersectionality. The course aims to unpack the processses of racialization through a genealogical inquiry and explore the historical conditions of possibility that ground contemporary problems surrounding race and racism.

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This course covers contemporary issues around global justice and ethics. What does it mean to live “a good life” in a globalizing world? What are our individual and collective responsibilities in the face of structurel injustice? Is it possible to live ethically under global capitalism? Topics include: transformative justice; restorative justice; environmental justice; disability justice; global refugee crisis; poverty; mass incarceration; bioethics; racial justice; reproductive justice.

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An overview of the major trends in 20th and 21st century metaethical thought such a: the meaning of ethical terms; Moore s open question; the naturalistic fallacy; the relation between motivation and moral values; the nature of moral obligation.
Research into related metaphysical, epistemological and psychological questions such as: Are there moral facts?; Is there are a continuity between moral properties and other natural properties?; What is the justification for our moral commitments?; What is the significance of moral feelings such as guilt?

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Philosophical discussions of environmental problems.

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A continuation of 2410571.

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Exploration of the interplay between human life and technology and how one transforms the other; historical and contemporary philosophical perspectives on the nature of technology; the role of technology in shaping human perception of reality; how technology intersects with power dynamics, cultural values, and societal structures; ethical challenges posed by emerging technologies; ethics of artificial intelligence and its current applications; responsible artificial intelligence.

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Study of the main issues connected with truth, belief, knowledge, skepticism, justification, reliability, coherence.

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A continuation of 2410601.

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Application of Modal and Intentional Logics and the possible world semantics to the main issues of philosophy.

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A seminar to be given by each Ph. D. degree candidate related to his/her dissertation topic.

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This course is designed to conduct further research into the philosophy of German Idealism, so as to do an advanced study of the main problems of Kantian and Fichtean philosophies.

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Intensive study of Kants Critique of Pure Reason; the problem of metaphysics and the self-criticism of reason; Kants Copernican turn; the constitutive role of concepts in knowledge; the possibility of synthetic a priori knowledge; the cognitive faculties of the human mind; Kants theory of representation; the questions of the ends, the limits and the vocation of human reason.

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Special topics in Turkish and Islamic philosophy and solutions offered by immanentist philosophers.

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Antik çağ felsefesi; Sokratik dönem öncesinden Helenistik felsefeye yinelenen sorunların ele alınması; bilgi kuramı ve etik arasındaki ilişkiler; etik ve metafizik arasındaki ilişkiler; kişi ve devlet;Antik çağ felsefesi sorunlarının modern ve çağdaş düşünceyle ilgisi.

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Onyedinci ve onsekizinci yüzyıl etik ve siyaset felsefesinin gelişimi ve kavrayışları;bir yöntembilim olarak şüpheci sorgulama ve eleştirel düşünce; değer ve hakikatin kaynağı olarak insan kavrayışı; bilgi ve bilginin etik-siyasi boyutu; Aydınlanma filozoflarının eserlerinde modern öznenin oluşumu

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The nature of colors; the objects that coloured; philosophical theories about colour; the science of colour perception; the relation between colours and colour perception.

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Conceptions and development of ethical and political philosophy of the French philosophers seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; social change and development of critical thinking; the conception of the human being as the source of truth and value; human nature and its ethical and political dimensions; the formation of the modern subject; the relations of the French Enlightenment with the Scottish.

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The nature of perception; the objects of perception; philosophical theories about perception; the science of perception; the relation between objects and their perception.

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Conceptions and development of ethical and political philosophy of the Scottish philosophers of the eighteenth century; the conceptions of egoism and sympathy; social change and development of critical thinking; the conception of the human being as the source of truth and value; human nature and its ethical and political dimensions; the formation of the modern subject; the relations of the Scottish Enlightenment with the French and the German.

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Discussion of some of the major problems in contemporary philosophy of mind and the related ontological issues. The topics covered include the body-mind problem, the problem of other minds, Cartesian dualism, Behaviorism, the Identity Theory, Functionalism, Eliminative Materialism, the Supervenience Theories, Qualia, Intentionality.

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Continuation of the discussion of some of the major problems in contemporary philosophy of mind and the related ontological issues, such as Turing Test, the Chinese Room Argument, consciousness, modularity of mind, neutral monism, phenomenalism, Continental approaches to the problem of mind, computational theory of mind, personal identity, and free will.

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Logical analysis of discourse, speech acts, illocutionary logic, analysis of philosophical texts.

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Discussion of various problems concerning identity, marginalization, and otherness; study of some of the main theories of recognition; multiculturalism, neo-Marxism, queer theory, feminism; minority and group-specific rights.

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Ontological aspects of modal logic and possible world semantics.

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A continuation of 2410627.

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Axiomatization and logical reconstruction of the structure of physical theories.

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Logical analysis of the evolution of physical theories.

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Studies in the foundations of logical theories.

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A continuation of 2410633.

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In depth study of ethical concepts and theories.

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Study of major problems in political philosophy.

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Studies in Wittgenstein's later philosophy.

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The logical interpretation, the frequency interpretation and the subjective interpretation of probability calculus. Inductive logic and logical structure of statistical inference: a) The Bayesian approach and the logic of decision, b) The likelihood approach and the logic of support.

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Intensive discussion of the basic epistemological and ontological doctrines which have influenced the development of contemporary philosophy.

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A continuation of 2410643.

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Guided reading of basic texts, chosen from various ages of philosophical inquiry, primarily connected with each student's proposed area of specialization.

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Continuation of 2410647.

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In-depth study of the major work of a great philosopher.

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Investigation of the main problems concerning the end, subject matter and methods of philosophy.

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Examination of the philosophies, methods and sources in the history of science, and their relations to the current state of scholar-ship.

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Views on the methods of mathematical and empirical sciences in the ancient world; theories of scientific method since Renaissance.

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Greek cosmology; the Renaissance view of nature; the modern view of nature.

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Identifying and examining the main problems at the frontier of philosophy of science.

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This course is designed as a remedial course for students who are divided to pass departmental Ph.D. Qualifying Examination under the condition that they complete two or more papers or other assignments on topics to be determined by the Qualifying Examination Committee. There will normally be no lectures or examinations in this course.

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This course is designed as a remedial course for students who are divided to pass departmental Ph.D. Qualifying Examination under the condition that they complete two or more papers or other assignments on topics to be determined by the Qualifying Examination Committee. There will normally be no lectures or examinations in this course.