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Aerospace Engineering Department of METU: METU; Faculty of Engineering; Department of Aerospace Engineering; Purpose, Staff, Facilities, Courses, Rules and Regulations. History of Turkish Aviation. Turkish Aerospace Industry : Existing industry, opportunities in Aerospace Industry; Companies and factories related to aviation located in the vicinity of Ankara. Ethics in Aerospace Engineering. Aviation authorities in the world. Safety rules and regulations in Aerospace Applications.

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Elements and functions of A/C basic configuration. Forces and moments acting on an A/C; aerodynamic coefficients. Standard atmosphere. Performance: equations of motion; horizontal flight; climb performance; take-off performance; gliding; descent and landing performance; range and endurance; flight envelope; V-n diagram. Longitudinal static stability; aerodynamic center; criterion for longitudinal static stability; static margin; unstable A/C.

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Students are required attend and pass a certification course on aircraft modelling, drone piloting or similar. The main requirement for the company that provides certification courses is that the company is certified by the local Civil Aviation Authority. Students must receive the approval from the course coordinator before attending the certification courses.

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Basic concepts, properties of pure substances,first law of thermodynamics for closed systems and control volumes,entropy, second law of thermodynamics, second law analysis,introductory cycle analysis.

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Introduction, definition and physical properties of fluids, concept of continuum., definitions of density, pressure and viscosity, Kinematics, motion of a fluid element, rotation, deformation, flowlines. Fluid statics and buoyancy. Forces acting on flat and curved surfaces. Eulerian and Lagrangian flow descriptions, conservation laws, flow properties, system-control volume approaches, Reynolds Transport theorem. Governing equations: conservation of mass, linear momentum and energy equations. Bernoulli equation and its applications. Flow of real fluids: Newtonian fluids, Navier- Stokes equations. Application for incompressible flows, laminar - turbulent flow definitions, and application to pipe flows.

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Fundamental concepts and principles of mechanics. Introductory vector analysis. Statics of particles. Statics and equilibrium of rigid bodies in 2-D and 3-D. Equivalent system of forces and couples. Analysis of simple structures, trusses and machines. Analysis of simple beams. Friction. Moments of Inertia.

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A vectorial approach to dynamics of particles and rigid bodies. Kinematics of particles, kinetics of particles. Kinematics of rigid bodies and kinetics of rigid bodies. Newtons second law and the laws of linear and angular momentum. Conservation Laws. The principle of impulse and momentum. Impact of particles and rigid bodies. Potential and kinetic energy, conservation laws and energy methods. Relative motion. The emphasis on dynamics of particles, system of particles and plane motion of rigid bodies. Introduction to three dimensional motion of rigid bodies.

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Introduction to stress and strain concepts. Concept of analysis and design. Structural joints.Introduction to determinate and indeterminate problems, stress concentrations. Analysis of linearly elastic problems in axial loading, torsion and pure bending cases. Transverse loading and analysis of shear stresses. Transformations of stress and strain. Design of beams and shafts for strength. Analysis of deflection of beams with various support conditions by integration and by moment-area methods.

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Workshop practice;aircraft maintenance,repair,parts production.

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Numerical solution of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE), initial value problems, Runge-Kutta methods, adaptive stepping, systems of ODEs, higher order ODEs, boundary value problems. Numerical solution of partial Differential Equations (PDE): Finite Volume method, numerical solution using triangular grids, Finite Difference method, model equations, finite difference approximations, convergence and stability analysis of finite difference equations, numerical solutions of parabolic PDEs, elliptic PDEs, hyperbolic PDEs.

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Basic concepts. One dimensional steady-state conduction, extended surfaces, two-dimensional steady-state conduction, shape factors, transient conduction. Forces convection, Reynolds analogy, convection for external and internal flows. Free convection, boiling and condensation, heat exchangers. Radiation heat transfer between surfaces, basic concepts of mass transfer.

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Introduction to propulsion systems. Reciprocating engines. Propeller Theory. Aerothermodynamics of ideal airbreathing propulsion systems (turbojet, turbofan, turboprop, turboshaft, ramjet, scramjet). Mixtures, Combustion, Equilibrium and Dissociation. Rocket Engines.

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Potential flow theory, complex potential function, flow around a cylinder, formation of lift, Kutta- Joukovsky theorem, conformal mapping, Joukovsky airfoil, definition of aerodynamic coefficients, Panel Method. Thin airfoil theory, Kutta condition, Kelvin`s circulation theorem, symmetrical and cambered airfoils, lift curve slope and zero lift angle of attack, flapped airfoil. Finite wing , lifting line theory, elliptic and general wing loading. Slender wing theory, pressure distribution, aerodynamic coefficients.

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Compressible flow, normal and oblique shock waves, Prandtl-Mayer expansion wave. Subsonic Compressible Flow over Airfoils; Linear Theory, Linearized Supersonic Flow. 2D Boundary layers, concept and governing equations, similar flows and similarity transformation, Blassius problem. Integral methods of solution. Laminar and turbulent flows, stability and transition. Turbulence and transition. Turbulent boundary layers, Law of the wall and various turbulence models, Prandtl mixing length concept. Combined B/L along a flat plate, separation and stall, B/L on airfoils.

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Generalized theory of pure bending. Unsymmetric loading of beams and shear center. Shear stresses in beams of thin walled open sections. General theory for shear stresses, analysis of statically indeterminate beams. Stress, stress tensor, variation of stress within a body. 3-D stress equilibrium equations, definitions of plain stress and plain strain, three dimensional stress at a point. Transformation of stress, principal stresses in 3D, normal and shear stresses on an oblique plane. Strain displacement relations, strain compatibility equations. State of strain and transformation of strain, measurement of strain. Generalized Hooke’s law. General solution of torsion problem. Prandlt’s membrane analogy, torsion of thin-walled members of open cross sections, torsion of multiply connected thin walled sections. Fluid flow analogy. Warping function. Significance of torsion in open section thin walled members. 2-D problems in elasticity: plane stress and plane strain problems, stress function and applications. Equations of elasticity in polar coordinates. Stress concentrations and thermal stresses. Thick walled cylinders, compound cylinders. Rotating disks of constant thickness. Thermal stresses in thin disks.

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Main structural elements in aircraft. Loads on aircraft. V-N diagrams. Failure theories. Energy methods. Analysis of open and closed section stiffened box beams and torque boxes. Bending of unsymmetrical sections. Structural analysis of aircraft sub-structures: ribs, frames, wing box sections with cut-outs. Elastic stability: Column buckling, buckling of flat and curved panels, buckling analysis of stiffened closed section box beams, post-buckling behavior of stiffened flat and curved panels.

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Reference frames, coordinate systems and transformations. Aircraft general equations of motion, small gain theory, longitudinal static stability and control, lateral static stability and control. Stability derivatives. Dynamic stability of uncontrolled motion.

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System concepts; Laplace transformation and properties; transfer function, block diagram, and reduction; lumped parameter modelling of physical systems; state space formulation, linearization of nonlinear systems; stability of linear time invariant systems, Routh test; time domain analysis of dynamic systems, response, performance specifications; feedback control system examples, P, PD, PID control; frequency response methods.

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Feedback control systems; performance specifications in time domain; root locus plotting techniques, time domain design of feedback systems via root locus, lead and lag compensators, rate feedback, PID control; Bode plot, Nyquist plot, frequency domain analysis of control systems, performance specifications in frequency domain; design of compensators in frequency domain; introduction to modern control.

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Summer training at industrial organizations.

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Aerothermodynamic performance of aircraft engines. Non-ideal cycle analysis of turbojet, turbofan and turboprop engines. Performance characteristics of axial and radial compressors and turbines. Performance of non-rotating components: inlets, nozzles and combustion chambers. Matching of compressors and turbines.

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This course provides introductory information for rocket/missile design, development, integration, operational characteristics and problems of full-scale missiles affected by the dynamics of environment. Determination, analysis and processing of missile trajectory including different flight conditions are discussed.

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Simplification of the Navier-Stokes equations for steady, attached flows. Integral formulation of potential flow equations for subsonic flows, panel methods, inverse airfoil design using a panel method. Method of Characteristics in two dimensional potential flows. Numerical solution of the Transonic Small Disturbance equation using Finite Difference methods, upwind differencing in supersonic regions. Numerical solution of unsteady Full Potential Flow equation in curvilinear coordinate systems.

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The primary objective of this course is to give students the fundamentals of hypersonic flow which is encountered at the extreme high speed flight such as during the atmospheric entry of space vehicles and the propelled flight of missiles. This course will be offered as a technical elective course to students who have interest in high-speed aerodynamics.

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Conceptual design of fised wing aircraft. Aircraft sizing. Aifoil and geometry selection. Thrust to weight ratio and wing loading. Configuration layout. Propulsion and fuel system integration. Landing gear and subsystems. Weights and balance. Stability, control and handling qualities. Performance and flight mechanics. Cost. Certification and qualification.

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Preliminary and detail design of aircraft. Demonstration of the design by manufacturing a reduced scale fyling model of the aircraft. Use of computer aided design tool for sizing, trade off and configuration layout studies. Landing gear design, integration of propulsion system, and structural design. Calculation of moments of inertia, weights and balance, center of gravity of the design. Static and dynamic stability, control characteristics and performance prediction of the aircraft.

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Free and forced vibrations of single degree-of-freedom undamped linear systems. Types and characteristics of damping and its effects on the response. Two degree-of-freedom systems. Coordinate transformation. Coupling. Free vibration, response to harmonic excitation. Multi degree-of-freedom systems. Eigenvalue problem, modal vectors and orthogonality. Vibration of continuous systems. Transverse vibration of beams. Effects of boundary conditions on the response. Vibration measurement and isolation.

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Introduction to finite element analysis. One dimensional elements and computational procedures. 1D FE code development. Finite element form of Rayleigh Ritz Method. General derivation of element stiffness matrix. Interpolation and shape functions. Application of FE software MSC Nastran in aerospace structural analysis.

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Static and dynamic loads on spacecrafts; stress, buckling, vibration analysis in trusses, panels, and shells; spacecraft materials and manufacturing techniques; spacecraft structure preliminary design

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Fiber-reinforced composites. Composite manufacturing techniques. Macromechanical behavior of a lamina; Stress strain relations for a lamina. Micromechanical behavior behavior of a lamina. Macromechanical behavior of a laminate; Laminate constitutive equations. Lamina and laminate strength analysis. Beams, columns, rods of composite materials. Buckling of laminated plates. Strength and failure theories. Manufacturing and testing of laminated elements.

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State equations, canonical forms, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, stability, controllability, observability; state space approach to control system design, state variable feedback, eigenstructure assignment, state observation, model following control, introduction to optimal control, linear quadratic regulator.

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Stress analysis tools of Inventor, Autodesk Inventor NASTRAN, static stress analysis, thermal analysis, Thermal stress analysis in Fusion 360 environment, Details on Sectional Views, Geometric Tolerance, Surface Texture, Assembly Modelling in Inventor Environment, Weldments and Welding Annotations, Common Machine Elements; CAD applications in Inventor, Design Tools of Inventor, Conventional Views of Machine Elements, Sheet Metal Components.